Background: The anterior loop of mental nerve is commonly described as that part of the neurovascular bundle that transverses anterior and inferior to the mental foramen only to loop back to exit the mental foramen. The aim of the study is to evaluate the incidence and extension of anterior loop of mental nerve by using digital panoramic imaging system to avoid nerve damage during different surgical procedures in dentistry. Materials and Method: Panoramic image was taken for all 400 patients and stored in the computer. Then Horizontal and Vertical for the anterior loop extension when exist was measured and recorded in a special case sheet prepared for each subject. Results: Results indicated that out of 400 patients there were only 25 pat

Abstract:

   The problem of poverty is one of the most important development challenges facing developing countries including Sudan for several decades. Although many efforts have been made to reduce poverty, however, its rates are increasing, and public policies adopted by the government in this regard remain elusive in achievinging its main objectives or making any significant progress. The purpose of the present study is to analyse poverty in Sudan by identifying its measurement, causes and the factors that have contributed to the increasing poverty rates over the past two decades. Also this study aims at investigating the interim poverty reduction strategy in Sudan as well as evaluates that strategy throug

           Vitamin E, having the well known antioxidant activity  through scavenging free radicals Ùˆ it occurs in several  isomeric forms , these isomers have relatively different functions . One of these actions is related to its ability to inhibit platelets aggregation and hence thrombosis. The present study included a total number of apparently healthy  62 males . 11of them served as standard group , treated  with 100 mg aspirin /day for more than one month . Another 31 subjects were randomly grouped into 5 groups that received different daily doses of α – tocopherol : 400 IU , 800 IU and 1200 IU for  2-6 months.The remainder ( 20 ) subjects served

Objective:Fluorid-containing dental alginate impression materials can exert a considerable reduction in
enamel solubility. The objective was to evaluate the effect of fluoride addition on the setting time and
compressive strength of alginate impression materials.
Methodology: 60 samples were constructed from alginate impression material (30 samples for setting
time test and 30 samples for compressive strength test).Specimens of each test divided into three
subgroup. Group A: 10 specimens of alginate were mixed with distilled water [control], Group B: 10
specimens of alginate were mixed with100-ppm fluoride and Group C:10 specimens of alginate were
mixed with 2%Naf.
Results: the result of setting time test showed t

Isatin (1H-indole-2, 3-dione) and its analogs are an important class of heterocyclic compounds. N-benzyl isatins and Schiff bases of isatin analogs have been reported to demonstrate a variety of biological activities. This work illustrates the synthesis of new N-benzylisatin Schiff bases and studies their biological activity. Firstly, Isatin and its analogs; 5-methoxyisatin, 5-fluoroisatin reacted with benzyl iodide to obtain N-benzylated derivatives of isatins 2 (ac). Secondly, these compounds were reacted with different amines (sulphanilamide and 4-methyl sulphonyl aniline) separately, to obtain Schiff bases compounds 3 (ac) and 4 (ac), respectively. The synthesized compounds were characterized by using FT-IR and 1HNMR spectroscopy. The s

The use of worn-out agricultural nozzles in pesticide application has a negative effect on the efficiency and cost of the application process. It also has an effect on environmental pollution due to an excessive amount of pesticide being applied when spraying with worn-out nozzles. In this paper, the resistance to wear of three different internal design hydraulic nozzles was ascertained. Changes in the flow rate and spray distribution as a result of this wear were also investigated. The wear test was done inside a closed system, and it was accelerated using an abrasive material to generate 100 h of wear. The tested nozzles were the Turbo TeeJet (TT)-twin chambered, Turbo Twinjet (TTj60)-dual outlet, and Drift Guard (DG)-pre-orifice.

Background: Chemotherapeutic medication treatment for cancer is typically used in conjunction with other techniques as part of a routine regimen. It is well established that the capacity of different chemotherapeutic drugs to induce apoptosis is correlated with their anticancer efficacy. Quinazolinone-based drugs have demonstrated excellent responses from several cancer cell types. These substances have a lot of potential for use as building blocks in the creation of apoptosis inducers. Objective: To assess the new quinazolinone derivatives (M1 and M2) that were recently synthesized for their potential to halt wound healing and to use the acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) double stain to assess their capacity to induce apopto

In this paper, three types of epoxy-based coatings (Polyamide, pure Polyamine, and Polyamine reinforced by glass-flake) used as a lining for potable water tanks were studied using experimental and finite element methods. Tensile, impact, and fatigue tests were conducted on uncoated and coated AISI 316 stainless steel. The test results show that the applied epoxy based coating improves the mechanical properties, increases of fatigue crack resistance, and enhance the dynamic fracture toughness. The fatigue crack propagation is influenced by the compositions of epoxy coating, and the glass-flake improves the coating resistance to fatigue crack propagation compared to other types.

The aim of this study is to evaluating the antibacterial activity of Laurus nobilis leaves extract on E. coli isolates. Maceration and Soxhlet apparatus were used to prepare aqueous and methanolic extracts; total phenolic content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were conducted to determine the active compounds in the extracts. The results showed that both Laurus nobilis methanolic and aqueous extracts have a noticeable effect on scavenging free radicals. Free radical scavenging activity. The total phenolic contents were 28.60 ±0.12 and 16.58 ±0.11mg/g in 50 mg/ml, in methanolic and aqueous extracts respectively. The antibacterial activity of Laurus nobilis leaves extracts showed that the methanolic extract was more effective than

Our goal in this research, some new nucleoside analogues was synthesized. Starting from ?-D glucose which was converted to per acetylated ?-D gluco pyronoside then converted to active from(1-Bromo Sugar (2) as a sugar moiety.The base moiety 2-substituted benzimidazole was prepared from condensation of phenylene diamine with different aromatic aldehydes, which were subjected to amino alkylation via Mannich reaction forming new nucleobase derivatives. Condensation of nucleobase with bromo sugar through nucleophilic substitution of anomeric carbon with nitrogen forming new protected nucleoside analogues then hydrolyzed with sodium methoxide in methanol to obtain our target, the free nucleoside analogues. All prepared compound were identified b