This research is dealing with five sample of tomato ketchup products available in local market that were respectively as follows: Hello-Baghdad Iraq, Tiffany-Abu Dhabi, Melody-Dubai, Baidar-Saudi Arabia, and Altunsa-Turkey. Also it is dealing with four sample of sauce products available in local market that were respectively as follows: Hello-Baghdad, Iraq, Al-Badawi-Baghdad Iraq, Family-Baghdad, Iraq, and Hala-Amman Jordon. Analysis was performed on each sample three times and mean of the reading was taking. Samples were tested through terse and shorthand from lengthened steps. The spectrophotometric method used rely on theoretical and practical bases in extraction and diagnosis by UV spectrophotometer. This method in short notes, consiste

Background: Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury is
an important post-thyroidectomy complication for
which different modalities of treatment were
practiced to lower its incidence.
Objectives: To estimate the incidence of
recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in thyroid surgeries
in relation to type of surgery, type of gland diseases
& nerve identification.
Methods: Different types of goiters prepared
preoperatively by indirect laryngoscopy, operated
upon with different types of surgeries, postoperative
direct laryngoscopy by the anaesthetist were done
and indirect laryngoscopy done as needed.
Results: Of of 200 patients, the overall incidence
of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was 9
Patients (4.5%

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health problem. Even injuries classified as mild which is the most common, can result in persistent neurobehavioural impairment. Diffuse axonal injury is a common finding after TBI, and is presumed to contribute to outcomes, but may not always be apparent using standard neuroimaging. All severities of TBI can result in a degree of axonal damage, while irreversible myelin damage was only apparent for moderate to severe TBI.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of moderate closed head injury on visual evoked response (VER) and to assess the changes in VER 6 months later as follow up indices.

Subjects and methods: T

Herein, the interfacial polymerization method has been used for the synthesis of PPy/NaVO3 composites with different compositions of NaVO3 (10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 % and 50 %) as an efficient electrode material for supercapacitors. The successful formation and composition of the as-prepared composites (PV1-PV5) were confirmed by FTIR, XRD, EDX, and SEM analysis. The electrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanometric charge–discharge measurement (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte. As compared to other, the PV4 composite exhibit excellent specific capacitance of 391 F g−1 at a current density of 0.75 A/g with good cycling stability of ∼59 % after 1000 cycle

Background: Traumatic haemothorax is a collection of blood within the pleural cavity due to a penetrating or blunt injury leading to blood accumulation inside the pleural space with its respiratory and hemodynamic consequences.

Objectives: Is to retrospectively study eighty victims of traumatic haemothorax regarding their age, gender, types of injury, and their sequel, as well as the methods of investigation, treatment modality (conservative or operative) and their outcome.  

Patients and methods: The data of 80 patients with traumatic haemothorax admitted to Ibn AL-Nnafees teaching hospital from (1st of August 2018 to 30th. of September 2019), w

Background: Acute abdominal pain classically refers to pain within the abdomen that has been present for less than 7 days from the time of presentation. The use of CT scan in the evaluation of acute abdominal pain has increased to a large extent due to high accuracy of CT in the diagnosis of specific diseases like appendicitis and diverticulitis, especially with the use of multidetector CT scanners. It has been shown that the use of intravenous contrast media increases the diagnostic accuracy of CT scan examination, with a positive predictive value of 95% in the cases of acute appendicitis. The accuracy of CT scan imaging in patients with acute abdominal pain was not affected by the lack of entral contrast material.
Objectives: To eva

Background: Iraqi people were exposed to mass disasters for long periods of time. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be of particular interest following a mass disaster. Evidence of poor school outcomes among adolescents affected by violence has been reported.
Objectives: To study the effect of PTSD on school achievement among secondary school children in Baghdad, Iraq.
Materials and methods: A total of 240 secondary school students from 4 secondary schools (2 for boys and 2 for girls) from Baghdad city were included. Multistage random sampling was carried out. Each student was interviewed and a questionnaire (consisted of demographic information, Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, and academic failure) was filled. Academic failur

The present work aims to study the possibility of utilization a forward osmosis desalination process as an alternative method to extract water from brine solution rejected from reverse osmosis process.
Experiments conducted in a laboratory–scale forward osmosis (FO) unit in cross flow flat sheet membrane cell yielded water flux ranging from (0.0315 to 0.56 L/m2 .min) when using CTA membrane,and ranging from (0.419 to 2.785 L/m2 .min) for PA membrane under 0.4 bar. Two possible membrane orientations were tested. Sodium chloride with high concentrations was used as draw solution solute. The effect of membrane orientation on internal concentration polarization (ICP) was studied. Two regimes of ICP; dilutive and concentrative were desc