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Development and Characterization of Hyaluronic Acid-Incorporated Thermosensitive Nasal in situ Gel of Meclizine Hydrochloride
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Background: Meclizine hydrochloride (MCZ) is an antihistamine that is used as an antiemetic to prevent and cure nausea and vomiting. Because of its limited water solubility and first-pass metabolism, it exhibits variable absorption. Objective: To formulate and evaluate MCZ as an intranasal in situ gel with increased residence time and permeability. Methods: We made an inclusion complex of MCZ using various cyclodextrins as a complexing agent to help the drug dissolve better. The complexes were studied, and the ones that were better at dissolving were chosen to be used in the creation of an in situ gel with poloxamer 407 (17–20% w/v) and hyaluronic acid (0.25–0.75% w/v). Prepared formulas were subjected to various evaluation tests, and the optimum formula was subjected to an ex vivo permeation study. Results: Hydroxypropyl-cyclodextrin (HP-CD) complexation increased the solubility of MCZ. A prepared complex (10 mg of MCZ) was used for nasal in situ gel preparation. Formula (F3) containing 17% poloxamer 407 and 0.75% hyaluronic acid exhibited favorable characteristics, including optimal gelation temperature (33.33°C), drug content (100.51%), gel strength (35.0 seconds), spreadability (4.2 cm), and 98.52% in vitro drug release over 5 hours in simulated nasal fluid (pH 6.8), and provided considerably high permeability. Conclusions: A mucoadhesive in situ gel formulation of MCZ (HP-β-CD) is a promising nasal formulation for the management of nausea and vomiting.

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 28 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Chemical Technology And Metallurgy
THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF MOISTURE ADSORPTION ISOTHERM FOR MEFENAMIC ACID TABLETS
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Publication Date
Wed Dec 30 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Experimental Investigation of Moisture Sorption Isotherms for Mefenamic Acid Tablets
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   The moisture sorption isotherms of Mefenamic acid tablets were investigated by measuring the experimental equilibrium moisture content (EMC) using the static method of saturated salt solutions at three temperatures (25, 35, and 45°C) and water activity range from 0.056 to 0.8434. The results showed that EMC increased when relative humidity increased and the sorption capacity decreased, the tablets became less hygroscopic and more stable when the temperature increased at constant water activity. The sorption curves had a sigmoid shape, type II according to Brunauer’s classification. The hysteresis effect was significant along with the whole sorption process. The results were fitted to three models: Oswin, Smith, and Guggen

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 21 2016
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Biotechnology,
Anti-Fungal Activity of Maleamic Acid Derivativesagainst Some Pathogenic Fungi
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Publication Date
Thu Mar 30 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
The Inhibitory Effect of Gallic Acid on Human Serum Cholinesterase
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The dried fruit peel of pomegranate in Punicaceae family was fractionated chromatographically on Sephadex-LH-20 column .Gallic acid (trihydroxybenzoic acid) and its related galloyl esters such as gallotannin(i.e. β-penta-O-galloyl–D-glucose) were obtained homogenously. Different concentrations of gallic acid and gallotannin  were used to determine their inhibitory effect on human serum cholinesterase. The enzyme activity was measured according to the method reported by the WHO .The inhibitory effect of these compounds  on the activity of human serum cholinesterase have been studied in vitro .The inhibitory effect was remarkably clear with increasing concentration of gallic acid .Whereas galloyl ester showed n

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 11 2025
Journal Name
South Asian Research Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Antioxdent, Antifungal Activities of n-Hexadecanoic Acid Extracted from Algae
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The importance of algae as a natural source of various bioactive compounds continues to grow due to their diverse biological activities. One of such compounds is n-hexadecanoic acid, more commonly known as palmitic acid; it is more lipidous than many algal species. It is one of the most common saturated fatty acids in nature. One can find it in algal, animal, and plant oils and is extracted from numerous natural sources. Its chemical and biological attributes enable its widespread use in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Numerous studies have found that palmitic acid is effective for fungal activities and does have pharmaceutical and environmental promising antioxidant capabilities.

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 29 2021
Journal Name
Biomass Conversion And Biorefinery
Encapsulated deep eutectic solvent for esterification of free fatty acid
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A novel encapsulated deep eutectic solvent (DES) was introduced for biodiesel production via a two-step process. The DES was encapsulated in medical capsules and were used to reduce the free fatty acid (FFA) content of acidic crude palm oil (ACPO) to the minimum acceptable level (< 1%). The DES was synthesized from methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (MTPB) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA). The effects pertaining to different operating conditions such as capsule dosage, reaction time, molar ratio, and reaction temperature were optimized. The FFA content of ACPO was reduced from existing 9.61% to less than 1% under optimum operating conditions. This indicated that encapsulated MTPB-DES performed high catalytic activity in FFA esterificatio

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 10 2018
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Role of Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging in Characterization of Posterior Fossa Tumors
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Background: Conventional  MR imaging is essential for diagnosis and evaluation of the posterior fossa tumors  Objectives: To assess the value of diffusion weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient in making distinction between different histological types of posterior fossa tumors.

Type of the study: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Brain MRI and DWI assessed 19 patients (12 female and 7 male) with MRI diagnosis of posterior fossa tumors. absolute ADC values of contrast -enhancing solid tumor region and ADC ratio of solid tumor to ADC of normal -appearing deep White matter were compared with histological diagnosis postoperatively .The m

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 12 2021
Journal Name
Alustath Journal For Human And Social Sciences
A Cognitive Stylistic Analysis of Characterization in Golding’s Lord of the Flies
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Characterization is commonly known in stylistics to be the cognitive process in the readers' minds when comprehending a fictional character in a literary work .In one approach, it is assumed that characters are the outcome of the interaction between the words in the text on the one hand and the contents of our heads on the other. This paper is an attempt to understand how characterization is achieved by applying Culpeper’s (2001) model which seems to be to present a method of analysis that is more objective and more systematic in analyzing characters. Two characters are selected for discussion; Ralph and Jack from Golding’s (1954) Lord of the Flies. The novel talks about the corruption of human beings and the capacity of evil th

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 01 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
In Silico Characterization of a Cyclin Dependent Kinase -A (CDKA) and its Coding Gene in some Oryza Species
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Rice (Oryza sativa) is a fundamental food for the majority of world population. Cyclin Dependent Kinase -A (CDKA) accelerates transition through different stages of cell cycle and contributes in gametes formation. In the present investigation, a CDKA encoding gene along with the corresponding protein were characterized in O. sativa Indica Group, O. glaberrimaO. barthii, O. brachyantha, O. glumipatula, O. longistaminata, O. meridionalis, O. nivara, O. punctata and O. rufipogon using in silico analyses. The results reflected little variation in most species except O. longistaminata and O. brachyantha. Compared with the remaining species, O. longistaminata

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
مجلة البحوث التربوية والنفسية
Perceptions Of Iraqi EFL Pre-Service Teachers Of Sustainable Development
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Sustainable development (SD) is an improvement that meets present needs but jeopardizes the ability of new populations to do the same. It is vital to acquaint EFL students with the terminology and idiomatic expressions of this discipline. Nowadays, sustainable development and the environment have been prioritized in every aspect of life. Since culture and the teaching of Foreign language English cannot be separated, the English language becomes the mean of communication in health, economics, education, and politics. Thus, integrating sustainable development goals within language learning and teaching is very important. This descriptive quantitative study aims to investigate the perception of EFL pre-service teachers of sustainable developme

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