Background: Meclizine hydrochloride (MCZ) is an antihistamine that is used as an antiemetic to prevent and cure nausea and vomiting. Because of its limited water solubility and first-pass metabolism, it exhibits variable absorption. Objective: To formulate and evaluate MCZ as an intranasal in situ gel with increased residence time and permeability. Methods: We made an inclusion complex of MCZ using various cyclodextrins as a complexing agent to help the drug dissolve better. The complexes were studied, and the ones that were better at dissolving were chosen to be used in the creation of an in situ gel with poloxamer 407 (17–20% w/v) and hyaluronic acid (0.25–0.75% w/v). Prepared formulas were subjected to various evaluation tests, and the optimum formula was subjected to an ex vivo permeation study. Results: Hydroxypropyl-cyclodextrin (HP-CD) complexation increased the solubility of MCZ. A prepared complex (10 mg of MCZ) was used for nasal in situ gel preparation. Formula (F3) containing 17% poloxamer 407 and 0.75% hyaluronic acid exhibited favorable characteristics, including optimal gelation temperature (33.33°C), drug content (100.51%), gel strength (35.0 seconds), spreadability (4.2 cm), and 98.52% in vitro drug release over 5 hours in simulated nasal fluid (pH 6.8), and provided considerably high permeability. Conclusions: A mucoadhesive in situ gel formulation of MCZ (HP-β-CD) is a promising nasal formulation for the management of nausea and vomiting.
The importance of regional development resides in the provision of aid and other assistance to regions that are less economically developed. The purpose of this research is to identify the development possibilities and resources at the regional level, which can be tapped for the development of secondary cities. This research aims to shed light on the importance of urban planning in creating regional balance and relieving population and service pressure on major cities. The research answers the question relative to how urban planners can work towards the idea of creating development corridors including the cities located within them, whilst focusing more on the regional dimension and the topic of sustainable urbanization. This research assum
... Show MoreThis study can be considered as un introduction to the idioms and the strategy about the productive partnership development connection, that helps the researcher and the organization in their work in to activate development and the natural sources,manegment,to improve the two sides active connected to the local society, and to use it as easier and smoother participation of the people who work in development field and the natural sources management research, That connection depends mostly upon the capability of researcher and the development worker to increase the ability of individual and local society to specify and analyzing their problems and to try solutions to make their life better with good income.
As the leading cause of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is among the most prevalent progressive neurodegenerative diseases globally. The primary indicators of Alzheimer's disease consist of progressive memory impairment together with intellectual decline. Dementia cases from Alzheimer's disease constitute 50-60% of the total, while projections show these numbers will increase from 55 to 151 million by 2050. The development and enhancement of innovative therapeutic agents represent an absolute necessity for treating this medical condition.In this review, we will focus on synthesizing new promising therapeutic agents by many researchers that may improve some of the drawbacks of available drugs that only gave supportive care to Alzheimer's
... Show MoreDespite the importance of sustainable development and its dimensions in developing performance and supporting competitive advantage in economic units, there is a gap and lack of coordination between Combined Assurance providers (management, internal audit, external audit) to report on sustainable development, and the research aims to propose a model for the Combined Assurance report to achieve development sustainable development in the Iraqi economic units, especially the Baghdad Municipality, enables assurance providers to coordinate efforts that lead to the achievement of Combined Assurance, The research found the proposed model for the Combined Assurance report in achieving sustainable development in the Iraqi economic units, es
... Show MoreHepatitis B virus occurs among the ubiquitous viral pathogens that pose a serious threat to the lives of millions around the globe. As a consequence of lacking proofreading during the replication cycle directed by the reverse transcriptase, HBV became distinguished by a considerable genetic variation. To date, ten different genotypes of this virus have been recognized through our world. Each of these genotypes was linked to various rates of severity and disease outcomes, ranging from cirrhosis to liver carcinoma, and to response to antivirals as well. Therefore, genotypic studies and molecular characterization of the virus may offer unparalleled assistance to predict the most successful treatment approaches. Moreover, this review attempts t
... Show MoreA high-performance liquid chromatography method was employed for the quantitative determination of ascorbic acid (AA) which called vitamin C in three types of Iraqi citrus (orange mandarin and aurantium ) and to establish this goal , evaluation of ascorbic acid degradation is so important due to its significant criticality when exposure to ordinary atmospheric conditions. The chromatographic analysis of AA was carried out after their sequential elution with KH2PO4 ( as mobile phase) by reverse-phase HPLC technique with C8 column and UV detection at 214 nm. .Bad resolutions was appeared clearly for C8 column , so another alternative condition were carried out to improve the resolution by replacement of C8 by C18 column .Statistical treat
... Show MoreHere, we synthesized three new blended ligand complexes of chromium (III), iron (III), and lanthanum (III) ions with a Schiff base made from the condensation of [o-aminophenol and 2-hydroxyacetophenone in the presence of concentrated sulphoric acid (HL1)] as a primary ligand and o-nitroaniline (L2) as a secondary. The Schiff base and its dual ligand chelate were characterized using several spectroscopic studies, IR, 1HNMR, electronic and mass spectra, in addition to elemental analyses, molar conductivity measurements, and magnetic moments. The spectroscopic and analytical outcomes confirmed the formation of the chelates in a 1:1:1(L1: M: L2) ratio. Similarly, an octahedral structure became counseled for all chelates.
The phenomenon of spatial variation in the economic, social and urban development levels is considered prevalent in most of the economic and social systems,this relates to the concentration of most of those activities in certain regions and because of their rarity in other regions , that led to the emergence of the problem of the sharp contrast between the most developed areas and least developed areas within the same region or within the regions of the same country,
Reduction of this variables , in addition to the development of areas through following up and relying on an effective regional development enabling to reduce unemployment as well as to stop the migration of the unplanned for population,
And the ideal use of available
For criminal investigations, fingerprints remain the most reliable form of personal identification despite developments in other fields like DNA profiling. The objective of this work is to compare the performance of both commercial charcoal and activated carbon powder derived from the Alhagi plant to reveal latent fingerprints from different non-porous surfaces (cardboard, plain glass, aluminum foil sheet, China Dish, Plastic, and Switch). The effect of three variables on activated carbon production was investigated. These variables were the impregnation ratio (the weight ratio of KOH: dried raw material), the activation temperature, and the activation time. The effect factors were investigated using Central Composite Design
... Show MoreFor criminal investigations, fingerprints remain the most reliable form of personal identification despite developments in other fields like DNA profiling. The objective of this work is to compare the performance of both commercial charcoal and activated carbon powder derived from the Alhagi plant to reveal latent fingerprints from different non-porous surfaces (cardboard, plain glass, aluminum foil sheet, China Dish, Plastic, and Switch). The effect of three variables on activated carbon production was investigated. These variables were the impregnation ratio (the weight ratio of KOH: dried raw material), the activation temperature, and the activation time. The effect factors were investigated using Central Composite Design (CCD) softwa
... Show More