Background: Diabetes and hypertension are related to cardiovascular risk factors and are possible to detect development of atherosclerosis in cardiovascular system, were can predict their effect and measurement by ultrasound and Doppler study. These risk factors included increased intima-media thickness, resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of the right common carotid arteries. Method: We studied 20 patients with diabetes and hypertension, and 20 patients with diabetes only, were examine right carotid arteries for these two groups. In this sample we studied the Lumen diameter of the Rt. carotid arteries, Intima – media thickness (IMT), peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, and Pulsatility index, Resistance index were

: Partial purification of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) from type 2 diabetic patients sera take place using some purification steps such as participation with ammonium sulphate (55-80%) and filtered through dialysis, then ion exchange chromatography by DEAE sepharose anion column, gel filtration chromatography by sephadex G-100 column. In ion exchange step, there are four peak are obtained, the highest enzyme activity obtained by (0.4 M Nacl) with purification fold (2.18), yield (44.3) of enzyme and specific activity (13.5) mg/ng, which obtained a single peak by gel filtration chromatography, the degree of purification (5.34) fold, yield of enzyme (20%) with specific activity (33.109mg/ng). The purified enzyme had an optimum tem

Background: Diabetic mellitus (DM) is a collection of metabolic disorder identified by hyperglycemia. The heterogeneous etiology includes defects either in insulin secretion, or in insulin action, or the both. In addition to the distraction in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Inflammatory reaction that caused by many pro-inflammatory cytokines play a central role in the pathogenicity of T2DM, these cytokines can enhance insulin resistance which led to impaired glucose homeostasis. Subjects: The study included 75 patients (38 males and 37 females) suffering from T2DM with age mean ± SE 52.30 ± 1.60, and 70 individuals as healthy controls (35 males and 35 females) with age mean ± SE 48.88 ± 0.64. Evaluation of immunological marke

Objectives: the aim of the study to assess the most common risk factors of pneumonia at adult and find the
socio-demographic characteristics of sample.
Methodology: the study performed at Ibn-Sina teaching hospital (intensive care unit) and out patient in the same
hospital period of (15 ) November (2006) till (1ا٤) February (2007).The sample of the study includes (65)
patients with pneumonia for different underlying causes who were attending Ibn-Sina teaching hospital age
range (59-68) years is the highest level and is the most common risk factor for pneumonia.
Results: the results of the study most patients' hospital acquired-pneumonia from contamination during
administration to hospital but community acquired-pne

Objectives: to assess chronic diseases patients’ knowledge toward stroke risk factors and warning signs, besides
determining the relationship between chronic diseases patients’ knowledge and their sociodemographical
characteristics.
Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out at public medical clinics which has started from December
2
nd, 2008 to August 8th, 2009. A purposive "non-probability" sample of (300) chronic diseases individuals who
were clients of Public Medical Clinics who have one or more of the following chronic diseases (hypertension,
diabetes mellitus, heart diseases, and previous stroke), in Baghdad city. The data were collected through the use
of a constructed questionnaire which consists

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that influences above 450 million individuals around the world. Type 2 diabetes is a lack of insulin due to pancreatic β-cell malfunction and insulin resistance. This study aimed to detect insulin resistance using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA IR) and determined the correlation with glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activity in T2DM and neuropathy patients as a predictor of oxidative stress, which occurs when the oxidation-antioxidant equilibrium is disrupted. Reactive oxygen species causes vascular injury and a series of inflammation. In the present study, the results show there is no significant difference in diabetic patients (DM) and neuropathy patients (NU) versus healthy p

Background:

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a world-wide chronic metabolic disorder affects relatively high percentage of population. A few information is available in diabetes on the salivary content of enzymes GOT (AST) and GPT (ALT).
Patients and methods: we studied 19 patients (NIDDM, type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 29-67 year). Colorimetric determination of salivary GPT and GOT activity was used.
Results: In the whole saliva of non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM, n=19) diabetic patients and from agecross- matched healthy subjects (n=19). Saliva concentrations of GOT (43.92=12.8U/L) in NIDDM patients were higherly significant (P< 0.001) than those observed in normal subjects (23.0± 8.84 U/L). GPT was higher