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The development of new homogenous and heterogeneous catalytic processes for the treatment of low grade palm oil
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Low grade crude palm oil (LGCPO) presents as an attractive option as feedstock for biodiesel production due to its low cost and non-competition with food resources. Typically, LGCPO contains high contents of free fatty acids (FFA), rendering it impossible in direct trans-esterification processes due to the saponification reaction. Esterification is the typical pre-treatment process to reduce the FFA content and to produce fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The pre-treatment of LGCPO using two different acid catalysts, such as titanium oxysulphate sulphuric acid complex hydrate (TiOSH) and 5-sulfosalicylic acid dihydrate (5-SOCAH) was investigated for the first time in this study. The optimum conditions for the homogenous catalyst (5-SOCAH) were determined as: 1.5 wt% of acid catalyst dosage, 60 °C reaction temperature, 8:1 methanol molar ratio at 60 min. For the heterogeneous TiOSH, higher catalyst dosages such as 7 wt% is required with a methanol loading of 10:1 (molar ratio) at 120 min to reduce the initial FFA to less than 3%. Under these optimum conditions for both types of catalysts; the FFA levels were reduced from 11.3 % to less than 3 %, individually. This study introduces for the first time two types of acidic catalysts with high catalytic activity for the esterification of FFA content in low grade oils for biodiesel production which could be used for the treatment of wide range of low quality oils.

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Role of knowledge Management Processes in the Tax Performance: AnApplied Research in the General Tax Authority
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The research aims to measure the relationship and impact of the operations of the knowledge of management of the six dimensions (diagnosis knowledge, define knowledge objectives, knowledge generation, knowledge storage, distribution of knowledge, application of knowledge) in the fiscal performance of the General Authority for taxes of the four dimensions (financial, customers (taxpayers), Operations Interior, learn and grow), the research aims also to the use of computerized programs for training and career development of the Authority that helps to add knowledge workers in the Authority, and to reach an appropriate arrangement for knowledge management processes in the Authority, as well as analysis of the reality of the Authority to get

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Publication Date
Tue May 26 2026
Journal Name
Modern Sport
Impact style of the changeable resistance in the development some of physical & functional changes for the National team for the badminton
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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2021
Journal Name
Int. J. Agricult. Stat. Sci
THE EFFECT OF PUTRESCINE AND SPERMIDINE ON SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS AND REGENERATION OF DATE PALM (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.) CV. BARHEE
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The present study was conducted to determine the effect of different concentrations of putrescine and spermidine at all stages of regeneration (callogenesis, somatic embryos multiplication, germination and rooting)) of date palm cultivar Barhee. Shoot tips were eradicated from 2-3 years old offshoots, surface sterilized and inoculated onto Murashiege and Skoog, 1962 (MS) medium supplemented with 20 mg/L 2,4-D and 3 mg/L N6-2-isopentyl adenine (2ip). Primary callus was obtained after 24 weeks on the nutrient medium. Calli were then transferred onto fresh MS medium containing 0.0, 50, 100 or 150 mg/L of putrescine or spermidine individually. Results were recorded after 12 weeks. A significant increase in embryonic callus fresh weights reached

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Scopus
Publication Date
Fri Dec 09 2022
Journal Name
Molecules
Palm Raceme as a Promising Biomass Precursor for Activated Carbon to Promote Lipase Activity with the Aid of Eutectic Solvents
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This study concerns the role of activated carbon (AC) from palm raceme as a support material for the enhancement of lipase-catalyzed reactions in an aqueous solution, with deep eutectic solvent (DES) as a co-solvent. The effects of carbonization temperature, impregnation ratio, and carbonization time on lipase activity were studied. The activities of Amano lipase from Burkholderia cepacia (AML) and lipase from the porcine pancreas (PPL) were used to investigate the optimum conditions for AC preparation. The results showed that AC has more interaction with PPL and effectively provides greater enzymatic activity compared with AML. The optimum treatment conditions of AC samples that yield the highest enzymatic activity were 0.5 (NaOH (

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 04 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Effect of Baska Style in Achievement and Creative Thinking among Students in the Fifth Grade Literary Material and Application Rhetoric
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The current research aims to identify the effect of Baska style on students’ achievement and the creative thinking in material rhetoric and the application of students for fifth grade literary. To achieve the study objectives, the researcher has designed an achievement test to measure group of students in the fifth grade literary in material application. The researcher chose a sample of 40 female students from Khansa School for Girls in Baghdad for the academic year (2014 - 2015), he applied the test on an exploratory sample consisted of 30 female students from the research community. The study resulted in being no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 21 2022
Journal Name
Environmental Science And Pollution Research
Development of new computational machine learning models for longitudinal dispersion coefficient determination: case study of natural streams, United States
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Publication Date
Tue Mar 30 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Treating Drill Cuttings Waste with Oil Contamination by Microwave Treatment then by Earthworms Technique
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In this research paper, two techniques were used to treat the drill cuttings resulting from the oil-based drilling fluid. The drill cuttings were taken from the southern Rumaila fields which prepared for testing and fixed with 100 gm per sample and contaminated with two types of crude oil, one from Rumaila oilfields with Sp.gr of 0.882 and the other from the eastern Baghdad oilfield with Sp.gr of 0.924 besides contamination levels of 10% ​​and 15% w/w in mass. Samples were treated first with microwave with a power applied of 540 & 180 watts as well as a time of 50 minutes. It was found that the results reached below 1% w/w in mass, except for two samples they reached below 1.5% w/w in mass. Then, the sample of 1.41% w/w in mass,

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 02 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Synthesis and characterization of carbon nanospheres by catalytic CVD method
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Carbon nanospheres (CNSs) were successfully prepared and synthesized by Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition (CCVD) by using camphor as carbon source only, over iron Cobalt (Fe-Co) saturated zeolite at temperature between (700 oC and 900 °C), with different concentrations of camphor, and reaction time. The synthesized CNSs were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The carbon spheres in different sizes between 100 nm and 1000 nm were investigated. This work has done by two parts, first preparation of the metallic catalyst and second part formation CNSs by heat treatment.

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2017
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Recovery of Platinum and Palladium from Scrap Automotive Catalytic Converters
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Abstract

    

The hydrometallurgical method was used to platinum and palladium leaching with aqua regia solution (3HCl: HNO3). The leaching experiments were designed to obtain the optimum conditions by using Taguchi method with 16 experiments at three different factors (time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio), and each factor has four different levels. In this study, leaching the powder sample of catalytic converter that contains platinum and palladium was conducted on the basis of the formation of chloro complexes platinum and palladium (PtCl62-, PdCl42-) with different concentrations in the acidic solution. The optimum condi

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 19 2023
Journal Name
Nasaq Journal
The impact of the Roundhouse strategy on the achievement of the fifth grade secondary school in physics and their pivotal thinking
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The aim of the research is to study the effect of the roundhouse strategy on the achievement of fifth grade secondary school in physics and their pivotal thinking. The experiment has been applied for obtaining the data, which were processed statistically using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, the results revealed that the students of the experimental group who studied using the roundhouse strategy was superior to the students of the control group who studied in the traditional method in the achievement exam. The results also show that there are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the students of the experimental group and the control group in the pivotal thinking exam, in favor of the experimental gr

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