The synthesis of nanoparticles (GNPs) from the reduction of HAuCl₄ ^.3H₂O by aluminum metal was obtained in aqueous solution with the use of Arabic gum as a stabilizing agent. The GNPs were characterized by TEM, AFM and Zeta potential spectroscopy. The reduction process was monitored over time by measuring ultraviolet spectra at a range of λ 520-525 nm. Also the color changes from yellow to ruby red, shape and size of GNP was studied by TEM. Shape was spherical and the size of particles was (12-17.5) nm. The best results were obtained at pH 6.

The city is a built-up urban space and multifunctional structures that ensure safety, health and the best shelter for humans. All its built structures had various urban roofs influenced by different climate circumstances. That creates peculiarities and changes within the urban local climate and an increase in the impact of urban heat islands (UHI) with wastage of energy. The research question is less information dealing with the renovation of existing urban roofs using color as a strategy to mitigate the impact of UHI. In order to achieve local urban sustainability; the research focused on solutions using different materials and treatments to reduce urban surface heating emissions. The results showed that the new and old technologies, produ

Film and literature exchanges it’s influences since the early beginning of the motion pictures appearance .it was a phenomenon in other genres such as theatre ,short stories and novels .the film used out of this interaction with literature the content , themes and subjects whish were more attached to the society. based on that , the film gains it’s successes and wide spread of influences on it’s audiences who became more familiar with the motion picture style.Astrok , the French film critic wrote about “Camera the pain “ and called it as the a way of writing in the future .he was talking about the future’s role of the film .It is the importance of the film in the creation and documenting the life and its various fields.Becaus

    Text categorization refers to the process of grouping text or documents into classes or categories according to their content. Text categorization process consists of three phases which are: preprocessing, feature extraction and classification. In comparison to the English language, just few studies have been done to categorize and classify the Arabic language. For a variety of applications, such as text classification and clustering, Arabic text representation is a difficult task because Arabic language is noted for its richness, diversity, and complicated morphology. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis and a comparison for researchers in the last five years based on the dataset, year, algorithms and the accuracy th

In this paper, a Cholera epidemic model is proposed and studied analytically as well as numerically. It is assumed that the disease is transmitted by contact with Vibrio cholerae and infected person according to dose-response function. However, the saturated treatment function is used to describe the recovery process. Moreover, the vaccine against the disease is assumed to be utterly ineffective. The existence, uniqueness and boundedness of the solution of the proposed model are discussed. All possible equilibrium points and the basic reproduction number are determined. The local stability and persistence conditions are established. Lyapunov method and the second additive compound matrix are used to study the global stability of the system.

A particular solution of the two and three dimensional unsteady state thermal or mass diffusion equation is obtained by introducing a combination of variables of the form,
η = (x+y) / √ct , and η = (x+y+z) / √ct, for two and three dimensional equations
respectively. And the corresponding solutions are,
θ (t,x,y) = θ₀ erfc (x+y)/√8ct and θ( t,x,y,z) =θ₀ erfc (x+y+z/√12ct)

Pharmaceutical companies assign a budget for activities and promotions that aim to change the prescription habits of the physicians to choose the most suitable medications for their patients, which will eventually grow their sales. The study's objectives were to explore physicians' and medical representatives' perspectives on the criteria of impactful professional PP and the factors influencing the interaction between physicians and medical representatives. Qualitative in-depth interviews with flexible probing techniques were carried out in 2023. A semi-structured, open-ended interview questionnaire was used to interview physicians and medical representatives (MRs) from different private clinics in several governorates in Iraq. Ten physicia

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of peripheral artery disease (PAD). This study aimed to investigate the effect of clopidogrel on oxidative stress in PAD patients. Seventy subjects were divided into three groups: PAD patients before treatment (B-PAD), PAD patients after treatment with clopidogrel (A-PAD), and healthy controls. Serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and oxidized protein were measured. SOD activities were also determined. The results showed that SOD activities, and SOD specific activities were significantly decreased in PAD patients compared to healthy individuals. After treatment with clopidogrel, SOD activities, and SOD specific activities were continuous

DBN Rashid, Al- Utroha Journal, 2018

The complexation between folic acid and a typical polyaromatic hydrocarbon, fluorene, was investigated using FTIR and UV spectra. Appearance of a new IR band at 2401cm−1 demonstrates that NH2–C=N moiety on pterin ring in folic acid is protonated when fluorene is introduced. The emergence of two charge transfer bands at 217 nm and 278 nm in UV difference spectra shows the presence of π-π complexation between folic acid and fluorene. These experiments confirm that fluorene could combine with the pterin ring of folic acid through π-π donor–acceptor interaction and induce the protonation process in folic acid upon strengthening electron accepting ability of pterin ring. The results suggest that complexatio