Ultrasound is a mechanical energy which can generate altering zones of compression and rarefaction along its path in the tissues. Ultrasound imaging can provide a real time screening for blood and multiple organs to aiding the diagnostic and treatment. However, ultrasound has the potential to deposit energy in the blood and tissues causing bio effects which is depending on ultrasound characteristics that including frequency and the amount of intensity. These bio effects include either a stable cavitation presented non thermal effects or inertial cavitation of harmful effect on the tissues. The non-thermal cavitation can add features in diagnostic imaging and treatment more than the inertial cavitation. Ultrasound Contrast agents are a micro

Fractal image compression depends on representing an image using affine transformations. The main concern for researches in the discipline of fractal image compression (FIC) algorithm is to decrease encoding time needed to compress image data. The basic technique is that each portion of the image is similar to other portions of the same image. In this process, there are many models that were developed. The presence of fractals was initially noticed and handled using Iterated Function System (IFS); that is used for encoding images. In this paper, a review of fractal image compression is discussed with its variants along with other techniques. A summarized review of contributions is achieved to determine the fulfillment of fractal ima

In this study, dynamic encryption techniques are explored as an image cipher method to generate S-boxes similar to AES S-boxes with the help of a private key belonging to the user and enable images to be encrypted or decrypted using S-boxes. This study consists of two stages: the dynamic generation of the S-box method and the encryption-decryption method. S-boxes should have a non-linear structure, and for this reason, K/DSA (Knutt Durstenfeld Shuffle Algorithm), which is one of the pseudo-random techniques, is used to generate S-boxes dynamically. The biggest advantage of this approach is the production of the inverted S-box with the S-box. Compared to the methods in the literature, the need to store the S-box is eliminated. Also, the fabr

Blogs have emerged as a powerful technology tool for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. This literature review aims to provide an overview of the use of blogs as learning tools in EFL classrooms. The study examines the benefits and challenges of using blogs for language learning and the different types of blogs that can be used for language learning. It provides suggestions for teachers interested in using blogs as learning tools in their EFL classrooms. The findings suggest that blogs are a valuable and effective tool for language learning, particularly in promoting collaboration, communication, and motivation.

This paper offers a systemic review of the deep learning methods to detect violence on campus, which is a critical issue in intelligent surveillance to improve the student safety and prompt cut off of violent accidents. The review reviews studies published 2018-2025, concentrating on model structure to detect fights, bullying, vandalism, and aggressive behavior on problematic campuses due to occlusion and light variations and complicated human interactions. The research design includes a comparative study of different deep learning networks, such as CNNs, RNNs, 3D CNNs, attention-based networks, transformers, graph neural networks, neuro-fuzzy, and multimodal systems and federated learning methods. The paper also assesses benchmark

Since Internet Protocol version 6 is a new technology, insecure network configurations are inevitable. The researchers contributed a lot to spreading knowledge about IPv6 vulnerabilities and how to address them over the past two decades. In this study, a systematic literature review is conducted to analyze research progress in IPv6 security field following the Preferred Reporting Items for the Systematics Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method. A total of 427 studies have been reviewed from two databases, IEEE and Scopus. To fulfil the review goal, several key data elements were extracted from each study and two kinds of analysis were administered: descriptive analysis and literature classification. The results show positive signs of t

Chronic pain is a complex and persistent condition involving sustained nociceptive input, maladaptive neuroplastic changes, and neuroimmune interactions. Central to its pathophysiology is the dysregulation of neuromodulatory signaling pathways, including neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine), neuropeptides (e.g., substance P, CGRP), and neurotrophic factors (e.g., BDNF), which modulate both central and peripheral sensitization mechanisms. In disorders such as fibromyalgia, altered monoaminergic transmission has been implicated in the attenuation of descending inhibitory control, thereby enhancing pain perception and reducing responsiveness to conventional therapies. Concurrently, neuroinflammation, driven by