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The Isolation of specifically lytic phages along with their extracted endolysins as antibacterial agents to MDR Enterococcus faecalis
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Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) enterococci have become a major problem in recent times and have been reported increasingly around the world. Lytic phages infect bacteria leading to rapid host death with limited risk of phage transduction, underlining the increasing interest in potential phage therapy in the future. Objective (s): The aim of this study is to use phage therapy as alternative approach for treatment of Enterococcus faecalis infections that recorded as MDR in Iraq to tackle this problem. Materials and Methods: Thirty E. faecalis isolates were collected from patients with different infectious diseases such as urinary tract infection (UTI), diabetic foot, septicemia, and wound infections. The isolation of specific lytic phages was from different environmental sources such as (sewage, and wastewater). The biokinetic assays were carried out to measure the characteristics of the isolated phage. The study of the bacteriophage and the formed phage cocktail infectivity against isolates E.faecalis was tested by the top layer assay. The phage endolysin was extracted from the best bacteriophage that gave best results. Results: All the isolated E.faecalis was reported as MDR in this study. About 75 E.faecalis specific phages were isolated and purified. All the isolated bacteria were 100% sensitive to the lytic phages. The formed phage cocktail was capable to create inhibition zones on the most bacterial isolates' lawns. The molecular weight and the concentration of the extracted endolysin was evaluated in this study and found to be as (48 kDa) and (0.5mg/ml), respectively. The antibacterial activity of the extracted endolysin was evaluated by the turbidity reduction assay. A clear decline in the bacterial growth was manifested (5x107 CFU/ml) to (1x104 CFU/ml), in which the bacterial growth was reduced by (3.63 log). The endolysin found to be effective against 90% of E.faeclais isolates. Conclusion: The activity of the isolated specific phage together with the activity of the formed phage cocktail, were efficient as successful and inexpensive method of therapy against MDR E.faecalis. The potential of the extracted endolysin over the phage therapy was verified in this study. The coverage rate and the absence of resistant E.faecalis to the phage and its endolysin had emphasized on the importance of this alternative therapy to commonly used antibiotics. List of abbreviation: MDR = multiple drug-resistant, E. faecalis = Enterococcus faecalis, BT = burst time, BS = burst size, IP = infective percentage, Phage =bacteriophage, CFU = Colony forming unit, kDa = Kilodalton, OD = Optical Densities.

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2009
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Used Approaches In Formulating Accounting Standards in Iraq & Their Develop Importance: filed Study
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This research aims to show the most important approaches applicable in forming the accounting standards , the  importance approaches used to formulate local accounting standards & the  need to cancel or develop the unified accounting system in Iraq besides activate the local auditing & accounting standards council to issue accounting standards able to save the relevance & Reliable accounting information that serve the decisions of stockholders and others of stakeholders in the incorporate companies , especially the companies listed in the Iraq securities exchange , So this study based partially on analyzing the questionnaire form which has been designed to inquiry the specialists and experts opinion about the accoun

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
OPEN CIRCUIT HEAT EXCHANGER DYNAMICS DURING FLOW REDUCTION TRANSIENT IN THEIR SECONDARY LOOPS
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An experimental and theoretical analysis was conducted for simulation of open circuit cross flow heat
exchanger dynamics during flow reduction transient in their secondary loops. Finite difference
mathematical model was prepared to cover the heat transfer mechanism between the hot water in the
primary circuit and the cold water in the secondary circuit during transient course. This model takes under
consideration the effect of water heat up in the secondary circuit due to step reduction of its flow on the
physical and thermal properties linked to the parameters that are used for calculation of heat transfer
coefficients on both sides of their tubes. Computer program was prepared for calculation purposes which
cover a

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
Foreign Channels Speaking in Arabic and their Role in Addressing Middle East Issues
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This research aims to understand how Middle Eastern issues are addressed in talk shows on foreign Arabic-speaking channels, taking “France 24 Arabic” as a model. It seeks to determine the channel’s level of attention to Middle Eastern issues in talk shows, the nature of the guests invited, the methods used to address the issues, and the professional characteristics of the program host. The study is descriptive-analytical in nature and relies on content analysis of episodes of the weekly talk show “A Week in the World” on France 24 during the period from August 1, 2017, to July 31, 2018. The main findings indicate that foreign Arabic-speaking channels pay attention to covering Middle Eastern issues, especially political and milita

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 23 2025
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Continuous Flow Injection-Turbidimetric Analysis for Determination of Cobalt (II) Ion in Alloys Using a Microcell with Irradiation Sources at 0–180° Using a Single Solar Cell as a Detector
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A cost-effective and efficient detector was created to conduct thorough turbidimetric measurements by reaction of Co (II) ion with calcium ferro cyanide to form bright green particulate, using the method of continuous flow injection analysis, the use of NAG-5SX1-1D-SSP Analyzer in determining cobalt (II) ion in a test for the validity of the new design. The NAG-5SX1-1D-SSP Analyzer is composed of five irradiation sources of white snow leds having the diameter of 10 mm with one solar cell of 55 mm length, 13.5 mm width. Using a selector switch to select the optimum voltage to be used which was 2.7 VDC. Under conditions of optimization, cobalt (II) ion was determined at 0.005–20 mmol. L–1(n = 23) while linearity dynamic range 0.005–7 mm

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 18 2018
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Pressures Affecting the Performance of Iraqi Media before the Legislative Elections of 2018 (Iraqi Satellite News Channel- as a Model): A Survey Study  Dr.Safad Husam Hammody
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The modernity of election practices of the elections in Iraq, according to the democratic approach, has led to a struggle between political rival forces reflecting a deep pressure on the tools involved in the management, marketing or control of these elections across the general social level. Hence the problem of research resides in answering the following question: What is the nature and size of the pressures affecting the media performance of Al-Iraqia News channel before the legislative elections of 2018 in Iraq?
      The objectives of the research were the following:
1. to identify the nature of the pressures that limit the Al-Iraqia News channel’s perfo

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 01 2023
Journal Name
History Of Medicine
Study of the quality of attach algae to the concrete supports of some bridges within Baghdad city
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A study of taxonomic quality of algae attaching Three concert bridges built on the Tigris River within city of Baghdad including Al-Jadriyah Bridge in Al-Jadriyah area and the Bab Al-Mu'adam Bridge in Al-Shalajiya area, while the third site included Al-Muthanna Bridge in north of Baghdad city, for the period from Autumn 2021 and Winter 2022. The study identified 114 species of 32 Genus in which the predominance of Bacillariophceae (74 species, 14 Genus) Followed by Cyanophyceae (30species, 12 Genus) and 10 species (6 Genus) of Chlorophyceae. The study showed an increase in species of Bacillariophceae, Cyanophyceae which has the ability to secretion gelatinous substances that enable it to stick to solid stand, the number of the larges

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
STUDY THE INHIBITION ACTIVITY OF PURIFIED BACTERIOCIN FROM LOCAL ISOLATION Lactococcuslactis ssp. lactisagainst SOME PATHOGENIC BACTERIAL SPECIES ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES: دراسة الفعالية التثبيطية للبكتريوسين المنقى من العزلة المحلية Lactococcuslactis ssp. Lactis تجاه بعض البكتريا الممرضة المعزولة من عينات سريرية
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This study aimed to study the inhibition activity of purified bacteriocin produced from the local isolation Lactococcuslactis ssp. lactis against pathogenic bacteria species isolated from clinical samples in some hospitals Baghdad city. Screening of L. lactis ssp. Lactis and isolated from the intestines fish and raw milk was performed in well diffusion method. The results showed that L. lactis ssp. lactis (Lc4) was the most efficient isolate in producing the bacteriocin as well observed inhibitory activity the increased that companied with the concentration, the concentration of the twice filtrate was better in obtaining higher inhibition diameters compared to the one-fold concentration. The concentrate

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 30 2020
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Comparison between the Patterns of Common Breast Diseases Presenting as Breast Lumps in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Married Women
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Background: Breast lump is one of the most common prevalent complaint of patients attending breast clinics.

Objective: To determine if there is any change in the pattern of common breast, diseases presenting as breast lumps between pregnant and non-pregnant women among patients attending Al-Elwiya Breast Clinic.

Methods: This is a cross – sectional study, with convent's patient sampling setting in AL-Elwiya Breast Cancer Early Detection Clinic from 1st Feb. to 1st May 2018, we collected data from patients with breast lumps including the age groups, pregnancy status, parity status, previous breast diseases, hormonal drugs, menstrual cycle, breast fe

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 15 2018
Journal Name
Arab World English Journal
Pedagogical Stylistics as a Tool in the Classroom: An Investigation of EFL Undergraduate Students' Ability in Analyzing Poetic Language
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Publication Date
Wed Sep 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
representations of body language in the contemporary Iraqi theatrical show "Imagine That as a model": عمار عبد سلمان محمد
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There is no doubt that each of the arts has a material from which the aesthetic achievement is built, so the researcher found that the art of theater, especially the show, whose artistic achievement is based on the body of the actor who emits the formal language (body language), is the focus of interest and active presence, because the body possesses its spiritual qualities that made him and the ability to The formation of things by (his body language), so the researcher studied this theatrical phenomenon and divided it into four chapters. In the first chapter, the research problem included the following question: (Is there a phenomenon of body language in the contemporary theatrical show "Imagine that" as a model) so It is of cognitive

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