Understanding energy metabolism and intracellular energy transmission requires knowledge of the function and structure of the mitochondria. Issues with mitochondrial morphology, structure, and function are the most prevalent symptoms. They can damage organs such as the heart, brain, and muscle due to a variety of factors, such as oxidative damage, incorrect metabolism of energy, or genetic conditions. The control of cell metabolism and physiology depends on functional connections between mitochondrial and biological surroundings. Therefore, it is essential to research mitochondria in situ or in vivo without isolating them from their surrounding biological environment. Finding and spotting abnormal alterations in mitochondria is the primary research technique for understanding mitochondrial illnesses. The purpose of this review is to collect original studies and papers describing a variety of analytical chemistry tasks carried out in mitochondria. Analytical chemistry is essential to the biological and medical sciences. Several analytical methods have been used in this field, such as chromatographic, spectroscopic, spectrophotometric, electrochemical analysis, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. While spectroscopic techniques in particular have yielded important information in certain cases, the nature of these techniques nevertheless limits the information that can be collected. Mass spectrometry may, however, produce incredibly detailed datasets.
