The recent development in communication technologies between individuals allows for the establishment of more informal collaborative map data projects which are called volunteered geographic information (VGI). These projects, such as OpenStreetMap (OSM) project, seek to create free alternative maps which let users add or input new materials to the data of others. The information of different VGI data sources is often not compliant to any standard and each organization is producing a dataset at various level of richness. In this research the assessment of semantic data quality provided by web sources, e.g. OSM will depend on a comparison with the information from standard sources. This will include the validity of semantic accuracy as one of the most important parameter of spatial data quality parameters. Semantic similarity testing covered feature classification, in effect comparing possible categories (legend classes) and actual attributes attached to features. This will be achieved by developing a tool, using Matlab programming language, for analysing and examining OSM semantic accuracy. To identify the strength of semantic accuracy assessment strategy, there are many factors should be considered. For instance, the confusion matrix of feature classifications can be assessed, and different statistical tests should be passed. The results revealed good semantic accuracy of OSM datasets.
The idea of a homomorphism of a cubic set of a KU-semigroup is studied and the concept of the product between two cubic sets is defined. And then, a new cubic bipolar fuzzy set in this structure is discussed, and some important results are achieved. Also, the product of cubic subsets is discussed and some theorems are proved. 2010 AMS Classification: 06F35, 03G25, 08A72.
The sorption of Cu2+ ions from synthetic wastewater using crushed concrete demolition waste (CCDW) which collected from a demolition site was investigated in a batch sorption system. Factors influencing on sorption process such as shaking time (0-300min), the initial concentration of contaminant (100-750mg/L), shaking speed (0-250 rpm), and adsorbent dosage (0.05-3 g/ml) have been studied. Batch experiments confirmed that the best values of these parameters were (180 min, 100 mg/l, 250 rpm, 0.7 g CCDW/100 ml) respectively where the achieved removal efficiency is equal to 100%. Sorption data were described using four isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, and Radke-Prausnitz). Results proved that the pure ads
... Show MoreBackground: Oral health is important to the quality of life of all individuals. Oral lesions can cause discomfort or pain that interferes with mastication, swallowing, and speech. Oral disease is a health problem that is not only a matter of oral hygiene and local condition, but can also be a precursor to other dangerous and potentially life threatening illnesses. The present study was designed to analyze the main clinicopathological aspects of most common oral lesions in patients who visit the Oral Diagnosis Clinic of the College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Patients and methods: This prospective study was performed on 3144 patients from July 2009-July 2010. In this study a total of 3144 patients were e
... Show MoreGel-biopolymers were prepared by different weights of two polymers (PVA, and PEG) dissolved with distilled water. Thick films of these polymers were prepared by using the casting method, with different thicknesses (t= 0.48, 0.34mm for PVA and t=0.58 mm for PEG). The objective of this research is to determine the viability of the organic polymer films of PEG and PVA on decomposition and the time required for their degradation in the soil. The purpose is to use these polymers in industry without leaving plastic residues along with the possibility of their application as fertilizers for soil. The results showed that PEG film was degraded during the first week, while PVA film was changed in weight from 0.3 to 0.23 g and thickness from
... Show MoreThis study was done to examine the concentration of residual chlorine from different regions at AL Risafa side. The samples were collected from Baghdad AL- Jadida, Shareaa Phlistain, AL- Shaab and AL- Habibea, Al-Karrada, Al-Jadria, Al-Adamia at April-August/2013 .The Electrical Conductivity (Ec) and total dissolve solid (TDS), hang about its normal rate according to (WHO) but the Turbidity go beyond it’s limit to reach (11NTU) where the highest peak was recorded in Baghdad AL Jadida. The results show that chlorine concentration were decreased in the August compared with April because of high Temperature, and long in sun shine duration. It is found that there is inverse proportionality between residual chlorine and temperature. Same tr
... Show MoreThe autocorrelation function calculations have been carried out on photon-limited computer-simulated images of binary stars that recorded through kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence. The effect of the parameters of photon limited binary star on the variation of signal to noise, signal to background ratios, number of images that processed and the magnitude of binary stars are studied and mathematic equations are given to investigate this effect. The result indicates that signal to background ratio of photon limited images of a binary star is independent of the total number of recorded photons.
The present research aims to measure the wisdom among university students and the differences of the concept of wisdom according to the gender of students in college of Basic Education. The sample of the research reached (300) male and female students in the morning studies upon the four stages of the psychological guidance department, the Scale of wisdom has been designed by the researcher herself and the psychometric feature were obtained as validity and Reliability. the researcher used Chi- square to Know the differences between the number of agreed and disagreed students for the wisdom scale, as well as the researcher used person correlation coefficient to Know the reliability of the scale by re test method for wisdom scale , t- test
... Show MoreAllah created the human from clay and made the system of marriage between male
and female as a reason for life continuity and human staying. This system produced an
organization called (the society) which is defined as a group lived in limited time and place.
Islam put fundamental and conditions of the righteous society in the Holy Quran and
prophetic sunna. Islam also put the solutions for problems (if they got) , naturally, these
problems may happened because of the nature of the life.
The problem of the research is summarized by that the problems of the society
enlarged in our Islamic society more than time ago. In the same time , some solution are
imported from west and east and from scientist and ignorant wit
In this paper, a computer simulation is implemented to generate of an optical aberration by means of Zernike polynomials. Defocus, astigmatism, coma, and spherical Zernike aberrations were simulated in a subroutine using MATLAB function and applied as a phase error in the aperture function of an imaging system. The studying demonstrated that the Point Spread Function (PSF) and Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) have been affected by these optical aberrations. Areas under MTF for different radii of the aperture of imaging system have been computed to assess the quality and efficiency of optical imaging systems. Phase conjugation of these types aberration has been utilized in order to correct a distorted wavefront. The results showed that
... Show MoreThis work aim to study the effect of silver nanoparticles on fluorescence intensity of Coumarin 480 dye by using the sandwiches technique where AgNP layer had been separated from C480 layer by different type of materials such as silica, PMMA polymer and PVA polymer layer. Silver nanoparticles had been prepared by the chemical reduction method so the AgNP layer coating had been done by hot rotation liquid method. The optical properties of prepared samples had been tested by using UV-VIS absorption spectrophotometer and Fluorescence spectrophotometer. Morphology, average size and the structure of nanoparticles were estimated using AFM, SEM testes