Iraq suffers from lack of water resources supply because the headwaters of the rivers located outside its borders and the influence of upstream countries on the quantities of flowing water, in addition to the increase of pressure on available water as a result of population increase and not adopting the principle of rationalization where misuse and wastage and lack of strategic vision to treat and manage water use in accordance with the economic implications fall.  This is reflected fallout on water security and subsequently on national and food security, while the issue of using water resources is development top priority in different countries in the world because of the importance of water effect on the security of indivi

In this paper, we define some generalizations of topological group namely -topological group, -topological group and -topological group with illustrative examples. Also, we define grill topological group with respect to a grill. Later, we deliberate the quotient on generalizations of topological group in particular -topological group. Moreover, we model a robotic system which relays on the quotient of -topological group.

The aim of this study is to describe the leech species that are used in some of the alternative medicine clinics in Baghdad Province based on morphometric measurements and colouring pattern of the body. A collection of twenty leeches was provided from some clinics. All specimens were identified and described based on standard available keys. The morphometric characteristics and colouring patterns were recorded and the indicated that these leeches were Hirudo orientalis Utevsky & Trontelj, 2005 and H. verbana Carena, 1820.

This study included the compromised the containing Hardness and some ions of treated water in central Karbala drinking water treatment station with Iraqi and international drinking water criteria. Also, this study was attempted to focus on probable pollution sources. The Hardness and other waters salts Sulphates (SO4), Chloride ion (Cl-), Calcium ion (Ca+2), and Magnesium ion (Mg+2) tests criteria were determined on water samples taken from Al-Hussainia River water source, treated drinking water during October-November 2013 to August - September 2014.Study results revealed an increasing in Total hardness (TH), sulfate, chloride, calcium, in winter (December- January) 2014. In addition, the results showed a decrease in above mentioned cri

Nano crystalline copper sulphide (Cu2S) thin films pure and 3% Bi doped were deposited on glass substrate by thermal evaporation technique of thickness 400±20 nm under a vacuum of ~ 2 × 10− 5 mbar to study the influence of annealing temperatures ( as-deposited, and 573) K on structural, surface morphology and optical properties of (Cu2S and Cu2S:3%Bi). (XRD) X-ray diffraction analysis showed (Cu2S and Cu2S:3%Bi) films before and after annealing are polycrystalline and hexagonal structure. AFM measurement approves that (Cu2S and Cu2S:3%Bi) films were Nano crystalline with grain size of (105.05-158.12) nm. The optical properties exhibits good optical absorption for Cu2S:3%Bi films. Decreased of optical band gap from 2.25 to 2 eV after dop

Recently, Qatar, a well-known oil production country, has been convinced as a successful case in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) as a smaller economy. This paper aims to investigate how FDI inflows affect Qatar’s business cycles. Time series data was selected from 1990 to 2010 as available. The VAR Impulse Responses and the Granger Causality test were mainly employed by using Eviews. The derived result shows that the FDI inflows and the economic growth in Qatar interact with each other in a relatively long term.

The present research was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of a training program to improve some aspects of sensory integration disorder and its effect on self-direction among a sample of children with intellectual disabilities. The study sample consists of (10 subjects as an experimental group) were exposed to the training program، and the control group consists of (10 subjects as a control group) were not exposed to the training program. The study included the following tools: A scale of self-direction for intellectual disability (prepared by the researcher). Training program (prepared by the researcher). The Results of the study showed the following: There are no statistically significant differences between the means ranks

High smoke emissions, nitrogen oxide and particulate matter typically produced by diesel engines. Diminishing the exhausted emissions without doing any significant changes in their mechanical configuration is a challenging subject. Thus, adding hydrogen to the traditional fuel would be the best practical choice to ameliorate diesel engines performance and reduce emissions. The air hydrogen mixer is an essential part of converting the diesel engine to work under dual fuel mode (hydrogen-diesel) without any engine modification. In this study, the Air-hydrogen mixer is developed to get a homogenous mixture for hydrogen with air and a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio according to the speed of the engine. The mixer depends on the balance between th

      This work is an experimental study about the effects of gas pressure and magnetic field on plasma characteristics produced in an internal hollow electrodes discharge (HED) system. The results show that the breakdown voltage values increase with increasing the working pressure (especially with the presence of a magnetic field). The breakdown voltage depends on the p.d. product, where p is the gas pressure and d is the distance between the electrodes. While the values of current discharge decrease with the increase of the working pressure. The temperature of electron and the number density of electron are calculated from the Boltzmann method and the broadening of Stark, respectively. The results showed that the electron number d

In this research, the electrical characteristics of glow discharge plasma were studied. Glow discharge plasma generated in a home-made DC magnetron sputtering system, and a DC-power supply of high voltage as input to the discharge electrodes were both utilized. The distance between two electrodes is 4cm. The gas used to produce plasma is argon gas which flows inside the chamber at a rate of 40 sccm. The influence of work function for different target materials (gold, copper, and silver), - 5cm in diameter and around 1mm thickness - different working pressures, and different applied voltages on electrical characteristics (discharge current, discharge potential, and Paschen’s curve) were studied. The results showed that the discharge cur