The marine collagens are biocompatible and biodegradable materials that are considered as a biomimetic approach for tissue regeneration. This study evaluated the effect of daily consumption of marine collagen supplement drink on enamel white spot lesions (WSLs), comparing the results against Regenerate system and Sylc air abrasion methods. Fifty human enamel slabs were allocated into five groups (n = 10 per group): non-treated (sound); non-treated (WSLs, 8% methylcellulose gel with 0.1 M lactic acid (pH 4.6) at 37 °C for 21 days); and three treated surfaces with marine collagen; Regenerate system; and Sylc air abrasion. The treatment lasted for 28 days followed by four weeks’ storage in artificial saliva (pH = 7.0, 37 °C). Evaluations were conducted via micro-Raman Spectroscopy and Knoop microhardness at varying depths (50–200 μm), followed by morphological assessments using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The marine collagen-treated surfaces demonstrated higher phosphate intensity and Knoop hardness values (KHN) compared to WSLs (p < 0.001) up to 150 μm depth, approaching that of sound enamel and other treated surfaces (p > 0.05). A significant positive correlation (p > 0.001) was recognized between the mineral content and corresponding KHN, particularly in the superficial layers. Notably, a compact layer of mineral-like structure was observed at the marine-treated surfaces covering the exposed lesion and enhancing surface integrity. These findings suggest that the use of marine collagen supplements can effectively enhance the mineral content and surface integrity of demineralized enamel surfaces up to a depth of 150 μm, presenting significant implications for dental health management.
The research aims to identify the effect of jigsaw strategy in learning achievement and engaging for the third grade intermediate students in chemistry. The research sample consisted of (61) students distributed in two experimental and control groups. The research tools consisted in the achievement test and the measure of engaging learning. The results showed that there are statistically significant differences at the level of (α = 0.05) between the experimental group and the control group in both the achievement test and the measure of learning involvement for the benefit of the experimental group. In this light, the researcher recommended the use of jigsaw strategy for teaching the subject matter. Lamia because of its impact in raising
... Show MoreIt is often needed to have circuits that can display the decimal representation of a binary number and specifically in this paper on a 7-segment display. In this paper a circuit that can display the decimal equivalent of an n-bit binary number is designed and it’s behavior is described using Verilog Hardware Descriptive Language (HDL). This HDL program is then used to configure an FPGA to implement the designed circuit.
This study compared and classified of land use and land cover changes by using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) on two cities (Al-Saydiya city and Al-Hurriya) in Baghdad province, capital of Iraq. In this study, Landsat satellite image for 2020 were used for (Land Use/Land Cover) classification. The change in the size of the surface area of each class in the Al-Saydiya city and Al-Hurriya cities was also calculated to estimate their effect on environment. The major change identified, in the study, was in agricultural area in Al-Saydiya city compare with Al-Hurriya city in Baghdad province. The results of the research showed that the percentage of the green
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women. To date, an effective screening tool for ovarian cancer has not been identified Several clinical and biological factors including serum cancer antigen 125 (CA- 125) have been assessed for prognostic and predictive relevance CA-125 is an epithelial marker derived from coelomic epithelium. It is elevated in 90% of advanced ovarian cancers and in 50% of early ovarian cancers while 20% of ovarian cancers have low or no expression of CA- 125 CA-125 concentrations were measured by Mini Vidas test (VIDAS CA125 II / BIOMERIEUX / France). The median CA-125 levels were significantly higher in the sera of ovarian cancer patients than in those with benign tumors an
... Show MoreBackground: To evaluate the bony supports of the teeth adjacent to the area of cleft in patient with unilateral cleft lip and palate and to compare these measurements with the measurements of the same teeth in non-cleft side by using CBCT. Materials and methods: The CBCT scans of 30 patients having cleft lip( unilateral) and palate(unilateral), were analyzed and the measurements of the alveolar bony support for teeth that are adjacent to the cleft area were measured with those teeth located on opposite side (non- clef) side. For each tooth, the measurements will taken for the distance between the( cementoenamel junction) (CEJ) and the bony crest (AC) at the( buccal area) was measured and the thickness of the buccal plate At zero, one, tw
... Show MoreUnderstanding energy metabolism and intracellular energy transmission requires knowledge of the function and structure of the mitochondria. Issues with mitochondrial morphology, structure, and function are the most prevalent symptoms. They can damage organs such as the heart, brain, and muscle due to a variety of factors, such as oxidative damage, incorrect metabolism of energy, or genetic conditions. The control of cell metabolism and physiology depends on functional connections between mitochondrial and biological surroundings. Therefore, it is essential to research mitochondria in situ or in vivo without isolating them from their surrounding biological environment. Finding and spotting abnormal alterations in mitochondria is the
... Show MoreThe past several years have seen an increase in awareness of the pervasiveness of medications as pollutants in the aquatic environment. The main reason for concern regarding the release of pharmaceuticals into the environment is the possibility that biological agents may become opposing to them. The development of precise and reliable analytical techniques for pharmaceutical determination in a range of samples is necessary for their safe use in the pharmaceutical industry and medical treatments. This review offers a summary of chromatographic techniques for identifying and quantifying the examination of pharmaceuticals in a range of environmental samples. Both the general public and the scientific community are currently very intere
... Show MoreThere is an assumption implicit but fundamental theory behind the decline by the time series used in the estimate, namely that the time series has a sleep feature Stationary or the language of Engle Gernger chains are integrated level zero, which indicated by I (0). It is well known, for example, tables of t-statistic is designed primarily to deal with the results of the regression that uses static strings. This assumption has been previously treated as an axiom the mid-seventies, where researchers are conducting studies of applied without taking into account the properties of time series used prior to the assessment, was to accept the results of these tests Bmanueh and delivery capabilities based on the applicability of the theo
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