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Antibiotic-prescribing patterns for Iraqi patients during Ramadan
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Background: During Ramadan, Muslims fast throughout daylight hours. There is a direct link between fasting and increasing incidence of infections. Antibiotic usage for treatment of infections should be based on accurate diagnosis, with the correct dose and dosing regimen for the shortest period to avoid bacterial resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the practices of physicians in prescribing suitable antibiotics for fasting patients and the compliance of the patients in using such antibiotics at regular intervals. Materials and methods: An observational study was carried out during the middle 10 days of Ramadan 2014 in two pharmacies at Baghdad. A total of 34 prescriptions (Rx) for adults who suffered from infections were examined. For each included Rx, the researchers documented the age and sex of the patient, the diagnosis of the case, and the name of the given antibiotic(s) with dose and frequency of usage. A direct interview with the patient was also done, at which each patient was asked about fasting and if he/she would like to continue fasting during the remaining period of Ramadan. The patient was also asked if the physician asked him/her about fasting before writing the Rx. Results: More than two-thirds of participating patients were fasting during Ramadan. Antibiotics were prescribed at a higher percentage by dentists and surgeons, for which a single antibiotic with a twice-daily regimen was the most commonly prescribed by physicians for patients during the Ramadan month. Conclusion: Physicians fail to take patient fasting status into consideration when prescribing antibiotics for their fasting patients. Antibiotics with a twice-daily regimen are not suitable and best to be avoided for fasting patients in Iraq during Ramadan – especially if it occurs during summer months – to avoid treatment failure and provoking bacterial resistance. Keywords: fasting, Ramadan, antibiotics, dosing regimen

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 01 2015
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Functional Construction of Advertisements in the Iraqi Press Websites
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Communication and media technologies have seen several changes in the last two decades. These changes put the basis for the emergence of communicative and media practices on several levels including political, economic, technological and artistic. And these, in turn, led to the emergence of new media trends and phenomena in various areas of media worthily to be studied and researched for example online advertisings.                                                                                          Online advert

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 16 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Extent to Which Future Skills are Employed During Teaching from the Viewpoint of Students of Islamic Studies and their Relationship to Students' Attitude towards Future Profession
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The research aims to identify the relationship between employing future skills during teaching from the viewpoint of students of Islamic studies at the Northern Border University, as well as their attitudes towards future professions. The researcher employed the correlational descriptive approach. The tools were a questionnaire for employing future skills, and a scale for the attitude towards the future profession. The two research tools were applied to a random sample of (242) male and female students from the department of Islamic Studies, College of Education and Arts. The findings showed that the total level of employing future skills and their three axes during teaching was average. It was also found that the attitude towards future

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The effect of some short-term debt instruments on the money supply and its effect on the production of wheat crop in Iraq during the period (1990_2018).
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The research aims to show the effect of some short-term debt instruments (central treasury transfers, cash credit granted to the government by commercial banks) on the production of the wheat crop in Iraq, through its effect on money supply during the period (1990-2018), As the study includes two models according to the statistical program (Eviews9), the first model included measuring the effect of short-term debt instruments on money supply, and the second measuring the extent of the money supply's impact on Wheat crop production, as the results of the standard analysis showed that the short-term debt instruments used in the model were Significant effect on wheat crop production indirectly through its effect on money supply, As

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Lymphocytes Prediction of Homeostasis Model Assessment of Beta-cells Function (HOMA-B) and C-peptide Level during Pregnancy: New Insight into Beta-cells Proliferation and Insulin Sensitivity
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This work aims to detect the associations of C-peptide and the homeostasis model assessment of beta-cells function (HOMA2-B%) with inflammatory biomarkers in pregnant-women in comparison with non-pregnant women. Sera of 28 normal pregnant women at late pregnancy versus 27 matched age non-pregnant women (control), were used to estimate C-peptide, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxin (T4) by Enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA), fasting blood sugar (FBS) by automatic analyzer Biolis 24i, hematology-tests by hematology analyzer and the calculation of HOMA2-B% and homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-S%) by using C-peptide values instead of insulin. The comparisons, correlations, regression analysis tests were perfo

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2023
Journal Name
Full Text Book Of Minar Congress8
SECTION OF VETERINARY MEDICINE: MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNITY AND VIROLOGY. THE BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION WITH PROTEUS AND E. COLI IN CERVIX AND UTERINE OF COWS DURING THE DIFFERENT ESTRUS PHASES
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The herein research was carried out in order to identified the presence of bacteria in cervix and uterine lumen in Iraqi cattle during the different estrus phase with focusing on Protus and E coli. Estrus phases were determined by the structures which found on ovary (follicular growth for pro-estrus, mature growing follicle for estrus, hemorrhagic corpus luteam for meta-estrus and active corpus luteam for di-eatrus). Forty cervical swabs (ten for each estrus phase) and forty uterine swabs (ten for each estrus phase) were taken from macroscopically healthy reproductive animals after slaughtering and cultivated on nutrient agar and blood agar, the bacterial isolation were identified with biochemical teats. The present study found that

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 07 2021
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology,
The Clinical Effect of Super Oxidized Water Mouthwash on The Periodontal Parameters (Plaque Index, Gingival Index And Bleeding on Probing) for Patients with Dental Biofilm Induced Gingivitis
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Publication Date
Sun Aug 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Measuring the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on social responsibility reports for a sample of Iraqi companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange
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The study aims to indicate the role of the mechanisms and principles of corporate governance in the activation of social responsibility reports, and increase disclosure, to achieve sustainability, legitimacy, and integrity of the business. Through the presentation of the conceptual framework for corporate governance and social responsibility, identify the key dimensions of social responsibility and the statement of the relationship between the mechanisms of governance and social responsibility reports in accordance with these dimensions. To prove the hypothesis research has selected a sample of listed companies in the Iraqi market for securities,

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
A Proposed Mechanism for Financial Reporting on Sustainable Investment and Its Role in Achieving Value Added - Applied in the Iraqi Midland Refineries Company-
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The research aims to develop a proposed mechanism for financial reporting on sustainable investment that takes the specificity of these investments.

To achieve this goal, the researcher used (what if scenario) where the future financial statements were prepared for the year 2026, after completion of the sustainable project and operation, as the project requires four years to be completed.

The researcher relied on the results of the researchers collected from various modern sources relevant to the research topic and published on the internet, and the financial data and information obtained to assess the reality of the company's activity and its environmental, social, and economic i

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Analysis of the Current Financial Crisis : Causes and Solutions (Iraqi crisis a model , based on the public budget for the fiscal year 2016)
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The research aims to analysis of the current financial crisis in Iraq through knowing its causes and then propose some solutions that help in remedy the crisis and that on the level of expenditures and revenues, and has been relying on the Federal general budget law of the Republic of Iraq for the fiscal year 2016 to obtain the necessary data in respect of the current expenditures and revenues which necessary to achieve the objective of the research , and through the research results has been reached to a set of conclusions which the most important of them that causes of the current financial crisis in Iraq , mainly belonging to increased expenditures and especially the current ones and the lack of revenues , especially non-oil o

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Evaluation of Information Security Management System in the Iraqi Commission for Computers and Informatics according to the International Standard (ISO 27001: 2013)
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    The current research included (the evaluation of Information Security Management System on according to international standard (ISO / IEC 27001: 2013) in Iraqi Commission for Computers and Informatics), for the development of an administrative system for information security is considered a priority in the present day, and in the light of the organizations  dependence on computers and information technology in work and communication  with others. The international legitimacy (represented by the  International Organization for standardization (ISO)) remains the basis for matching and commitment and the importance of the application of information Security Management System accordi

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