Bladder cancer is the ninth most common malignancy all over the world. Immune picture is important in predicting clinical outcome with bladder cancer, so the aim of the present study was to investigate the number of killer cells in the tissue of the patients with the malignant and benign bladder cancer before treatment by using an antigen retrieval immunohistochemical method on archived bladder tumors tissue. In our study, the number of the patients tissue with malignant cancer that staining by immunohistochemistry of NK cells (20%) was lower than in benign (80%) (p≤0.01). The results of the present study were indicated that the lower level of the NK cells in the malignant tissues may be leads to impaired anti-tumor immune response tow

Objectives: The study aims to identify the quality of life level in schizophrenic patients and to find out the
relationships between the quality of life and some of personal characteristics for those patients with
schizophrenia.
Methodology: A descriptive correlation analytic design was used by using the assessment technique on sample
of 100 schizophrenic outpatients, who were selected purposively (non-probability sample) during the period
10/ 3/2013 - 1/ 12 /2013. The study was conducted on the schizophrenic patients in an out patient psychiatric
clinics at Ibn-Rushd; and Al-Rashad Psychiatric Teaching Hospital; Baghdad Teaching Hospital, and Al-Kadhimya
Teaching Hospital. Self administrative questionnaire was used

CD63 is -one of the tetraspanin family proteins, which are regarded as: hallmark exosomal markers because it is absent from other types of vesicles. It is expressed in the cell membrane of cancer cells, and cytoplasm of stromal cells. Objective: To assess CD63 expression in gastric cancer (GC) patients, and detected if it could be used as a predictive marker. Furthermore, the current study aimed to find the correlation between CD63 expression and clinicopathological parameters as: gender, age, invasion depth, histopathological type, involvement of lymph nodes, grade and stages of GC (TNM). The current study is a retrospective study in the period time from (2018 to-2020); 50 randomly patients formalin-fixed paraffin embedded blocks (FFPE)

Background: Knowledge about the clinical problems during the fast of Ramadan is important in order to opens the way to further research aimed at discovering the significance of Ramadan fasting in patients with heart disease.
Patients and Methods: Eighty-six outpatients with heart disease with intention to fast were studied in the month of Ramadan 2010 (1430 H) at the Ibn Al-bitar Hospital. Detailed clinical and biochemical assessments were performed within 3 days before the start of Ramadan and then on the last day of Ramadan.
Results: There were 54 (62.8%) males and 32 (37.2%) females with a mean age of 56.3 years (range, 17-84 ). Forty-six patients (53%) had coronary artery disease, 23 patients (27%)

Background: Patients with an Implantable Cardiovertor Defibrillation (ICD) describe psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, and stress. To achieve the full benefits of the device, patient must maintain their psychological status within good levels.
Objectives: The major objectives of this study were to determine the main psychological problems in adult patients with an ICD and to find out the relationship between Psychological problems in patients with ICD and some demographic characteristics of patients with ICD.
Patients and Methods: A Descriptive analytical study was carried out from January 25, 2011 to March 20, 2012 in order to determine Psychological problems of patients with ICD. The sample was selected by A purp

Background: Indeterminate colitis (IC) originally referred to those 10–15% of cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in which there was difficulty distinguishing between ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) in the colectomy specimen and histopathology examination. However, IC is increasingly used when a definitive diagnosis of UC or CD cannot be made at colonoscopy examination, colonic biopsies or at colectomy. The diagnostic difficulties may explain the variably reported prevalence of IC. Clinically, most patients with IC evolve to a definite diagnosis of UC or CD on follow up.
Patients and methods: PATIENTS GROUP: Consisted of 80 patients with indeterminate colitis (IC), their ag

Background: Colorectal is a worldwide health problem. Tumors stimulate the ground of host blood vessels, a process called angiogenesis, which is essential for supplying nutrients of the tumor, also stimulate the lymphatic vessels for metasatasis.

The qualified subjects for this study included 33 patients with benign and malignant oral tumors aged 15-75 years and 31 matched age and gender healthy subjects used as control. Proteins measurements included total protein, albumin, globulines in sera and saliva samples, and immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) in sera samples of control and patients. Meanwhile, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was used to differentiate between protein patterns in both serum and saliva samples among the studied groups. The gel was also stained for glycoprotein to evaluate as well the changes in glycoprotein contents. For total protein, the results revealed a signifigant increase (P?0.01) in both samples (serum and saliva) of patient group. Albumin conce

The prolactin hormone played role in the many autoimmune disorders. To determine the importance of high levels of prolactin in triggering rheumatoid arthritis, thirty patient's women with hyperprolactinemia aged (20-45) years old have been investigated and compared with twenty five healthy individuals. All the studied groups were carried out to measure the concentration of citrulinated peptide(CCP) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA), antikeratin antibodies (AKA)and antinuclear antibodies(ANA) by indirect fluorescent assay IFAT. There was a significant elevation of CCP concentration compared with control groups (P< 0.05). The percentage of antikeratin antibodies and antinuclear antibodies was (20%, 10%) respectively, and

Serum levels of iron,copper,ceruloplasmin and transferrine were estimated in three groups of patients with ?- thalassemia: 24 patients have splenectomy thalassemia major, 29 patients have non splenectomy thalassemia major and 19 patients have thalassemia intermedia , data were compared to normal and pathological controls (anemia and minor). There were significant increase in trace element levels in all studied groups of pateints as compared to normal and pathological controls. Also there were a significant increase in ceruloplasmin levels,While the result revealed that there were a significant decrease in transferrine levels in all groups of patients studied as compared to normal and pathological controls. The result also indicate that the