Background: Successful root canal therapy depends on thorough chemo mechanical debridement of pulpal tissue, dentin debris and infective microorganisms. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles, sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine in reducing the bacterial infection of the root canals. Materials and Methods: The root canals of 55 single-rooted teeth were cleaned, shaped, and sterilized. All the teeth samples were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and incubated at 37°C for 2 weeks. Then, the teeth were divided into four groups. Group I (n=15): 100 ppm silver nanoparticles, Group II (n=15): 2.5 sodium hypochlorite, Group III (n=15): 2% chlorhexidine, IV (n=10): Normal saline as a control group. Specimens were incubated for 2 weeks. Paper points were used to obtain pre- and post-irrigation samples so that the colony-forming units were counted. Data were analyzed using SPSS and tested by Shapiro-Wilk test, One-Way ANOVA and Games-Howell test where the level of •‹‰n‹ϔ‹canc‡ was set at 0.05. Results: All the tested irrigants showed superior effectiveness compared to the normal saline (p<0.05). Overall, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite presented the most effective action against E. faecalis b‹oϔ‹lmǡ followed by 100 ppm silver nanoparticles, then the 2% chlorhexidine by mean percentage of antibacterial effectiveness of 99.87%, 99.51% and 98.66% respectively. Conclusions: Silver nanoparticles were effective against E. faecalis b‹oϔ‹lm similarly to sodium hypochlorite when it was used as an irrigation solution. Key words: Antibacterial, Chlorhexidine, Enterococcus faecalis, Silver nanoparticles, Sodium hypochlorite
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The research aims to answer the questions that revolve in the mind of mankind about how to create creation, how it existed prior to creation, who created existence, and the characteristics of that presence. The researcher also wanted to show that the culture of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) In the book of Adam, peace be upon him, God has punished Adam (peace be upon him) for not having sinned. Because his wife is the one who fed him the fruit of the tree, and this is contrary to what was stated in the sermon of Imam (peace be upon him) who Z Adam (peace be upon him) is the one who trusted Satan and Gwighth.We note that the approach of the rhetoric has pointed to the creation of angels and did not refer to the creation of Eve and the class
... Show MoreThe research aims to answer the questions that revolve in the mind of mankind about how to create creation, how it existed prior to creation, who created existence, and the characteristics of that presence. The researcher also wanted to show that the culture of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) In the book of Adam, peace be upon him, God has punished Adam (peace be upon him) for not having sinned. Because his wife is the one who fed him the fruit of the tree, and this is contrary to what was stated in the sermon of Imam (peace be upon him) who Z Adam (peace be upon him) is the one who trusted Satan and Gwighth.
We note that the approach of the rhetoric has pointed to the creation of angels and did not refer to
... Show MoreTherapeutically and prophylactically using Microspheres containing doxycycline isolated from shell of shrimp. Low molecule weight poly lactic acid was prepared. In this study, Poly lactic acid (PLA)/ poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/poly ethyleneglycol(PEG) loading doxycycline blend solutions was prepared. Also Poly lactic acid (PLA)-Tannin blend via solvent evaporation method was prepared. Microspheres of chitosan/gelatin microsphere loading doxycycline was prepared by emulsion crosslinking technique. Both microsphere and blends were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer. The FTIR spectra were shown distinguish bands. The in vitro release of doxcycline from its matrix at pH 7 was studied. The prophylactic
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The research discusses the most important goals and means of IGAD in making peace in Sudan and then regional peace.
Amongst the literary writers who used their art to direct the attention towards the issue of woman and her rights in a proper life is the English poet and novelist Thomas Hardy (1840-1928), who has been praised for his “openness to the feminine principle” 1 as Irving Howe put it. Hardy’s wide readings have changed his way of dealing with and thinking about so many critical issues which started to float on the surface of the English society during the mid and late of the 19th century. His readings for a number of writers, who seem of huge impact on his writings as he later admits that – “[his] pages show harmony of view with
... Show MoreEnglish is spoken by its native speakers in two different forms. Reduced form which marks the colloquial and rapid speech so that it is easily produced and a citation or unreduced form which is a characteristic of careful, emphasized and slow speech.
This paper investigates Iraqi EFL university students’ production of the two forms mentioned above. The sample chosen includes twenty fourth year students, of which ten are males and the other ten are females from the Department of English of the College of Languages of the University of Duhok in Kurdistan Region of Iraq in the academic year 2020-2021. The material tested is six connective words which represent the commonest ones in every-day co
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The utilization of recycled brick tile powder as a replacement for conventional filler in the asphalt concrete mix has been studied in this research. This research evaluates the effectiveness of recycled brick tile powder and determines its optimum replacement level. Using recycled brick tile powder is significant from an environmental standpoint as it is a waste product from construction activities. Sixteen asphalt concrete samples were produced, and eight were soaked for a day. Samples contained 5% Bitumen, 2% to 5% brick tile powder, and conventional stone dust filler. The properties of samples were evaluated using the Marshall test. It was observed that the resistance to stiffness and deformation of asphalt concrete
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