Alumina thin films have significant applications in the areas of optoelectronics, optics, electrical insulators, sensors and tribology. The novel aspect of this work is that the homogeneous alumina thin films were prepared in several stages to generate a plasma jet. In this paper, aluminium nanoparticles suspended in vinyl alcohol were prepared using exploding wire plasma. TEM analysis was used to determine the size and shape of particles in aluminium and vinyl alcohol suspensions; the TEM images showed that the particle size is 17.2 nm. Aluminium/poly vinyl alcohol (Al/PVA) thin films were prepared using this suspension on quartz substrate by plasma jet technique at room temperature with an argon gas flow rate of 1 L/min. The Al/PVA thin films were thermally converted to alumina films, where they were annealed at different temperatures (700, 800, or 900°C). X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques were used to characterise these thin films before and after annealing process. The diffraction patterns of the prepared thin films before subjecting them to the annealing process indicated the presence of peaks belonging to aluminium and PVA; however, the diffraction patterns and FTIR spectra obtained for these films after the annealing process showed peaks indicating the formation of alumina films of different phases. AFM and SEM investigations proved that the formed particles for all prepared films before and after the annealing process were similar in size and almost spherical; the diameter of the particles was on the order of a few nanometres. To control the properties of prepared thin films, the plasma which was used to produce thin films is diagnosed spectrophotometrically. The generated plasma was diagnosed using optical emission spectroscopy to estimate the electron temperature Te; the electron temperature was 1.925 eV.
In today’s competitive environment, organizational efficiency and sustained growth are crucial for survival. The performance of an organization is intricately connected to strategic planning, prompting firms to gather and leverage competitive information for a competitive advantage. Senior managers, recognizing this, initiate actions accordingly. This study aims to investigate the relationship between foresight, vision, strategic partnerships, motivation, system thinking, and organizational performance. Data, gathered through a self-administered questionnaire from various textile units, were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings indicate that sub-constructs of strategic intelligence positively impact organizatio
... Show MoreThe present work deals with five species of parasitic Hymenoptera belonging to Pteromalidae, Eupelmidae and Eurytornidae which have been reared from brachid beetles. A new species, Eurytoma irakensis is described and the species, Bruchocida orientalis Crawford is recorded for the first time from Iraq.
Modeling forward kinematics with neural networks allows for efficient handling of nonlinear relationships and realistic error correction in time-critical applications by relying on accurate training data. This paper presents a Multi-Layer Feed-Forward Neural Network (MLFFNN) to solve the forward kinematics of a 3-DOF robot. The proposed MLFFNN consists of 50 hidden neurons and was trained using 628319 samples to find only the position (x, y, z) of the end-effector. Data were generated by MATLAB, assuming an incremental motion of joints. The joint variables ( , , and ) are the inputs of the NN, which outputs the positions of the end effector (x, y, z) calculated using the Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) method. The results demonstrate that t
... Show MoreThe mediation system is based on settling the dispute amicably through the intervention of a third party by bringing views closer away from the judiciary, which is an amicable way to settle disputes, which disputants resort to voluntarily, but some Western legislation has begun to impose resorting to mediation to settle disputes compulsorily, to take advantage of its advantages, get rid of the disadvantages of resorting to the judiciary in some disputes, and relieve pressure on the courts.
A political perusal of Initiations in Declaring Middle East a District vacant of mass Destruction weapons
Soil invertebrates community an important role as part of essential food chain and responsible for the decomposition in the soil, helps soil aeration , nutrients recycling and increase agricultural production by providing the essential elements necessary for photosynthesis and energy flow in ecosystems.The aim of the present study was to investigate the soil invertebrates community in one of the date palms plantation in Aljaderia district South of Baghdad, , and their relationships with some physical and chemical properties of the soil , as Five randomly distributed replicates of soil samples were collected monthly. Invertebrates samples were sorted from the soil with two methods, direct method to isolate large invertebrates and indirec
... Show MoreThis study examines the validity of e-poetry as an acceptable literary genre. The
thematic, stylistic and esthetic features of a selected number of e-poems produced by
poetry generators are analyzed for this purpose. The e-poems are then compared with a
number of works written by Dada poets in order to establish the literary merit of the
former.
Social media has become an essential educational tool nowadays. Most existing research on digital learning in EFL contexts has primarily focused on traditional classroom-based instruction and less attention has been paid to social media platforms. The present study aims to fill the gap by using social semiotics to analyze four Instagram posts: two from BBC Learning English (@bbclearningenglish) and the other two from Learn English with Emma (@englishwithemma). Instagram posts are classified as multimodal texts with participatory and representational elements. The study adopts Kress and van Leeuwen’s (2005) Social Semiotic Multimodal Framework to analyze four purposely selected posters by answering the following research questions
... Show More