الملخص (باللغة العربية) شكّل اجتياح العراق للكويت في 2 آب/أغسطس 1990 اختباراً حاسماً لقدرة جامعة الدول العربية على إدارة الأزمات الإقليمية وصياغة موقف عربي موحّد إزاء انتهاك واضح لسيادة دولة عضو. غير أن أداء الجامعة خلال أزمة الخليج الثانية كشف عن حالة من الشلل المؤسسي والإجرائي، تجلّت في بطء اتخاذ القرار، وتنازع التأويلات حول شرعية الإجراءات، وتوظيف نصوص الميثاق بما أعاق إنتاج قرار عربي حازم وقابل للتنفيذ. تنطلق هذه الدراسة من فرضية مفادها أن هذا الشلل لم يكن نتيجة الانقسام السياسي وحده، بل حصيلة تفاعل الانقسام مع الاستثمار السياسي للثغرات القانونية في ميثاق الجامعة، ولا سيما ما يتصل بمفهوم “الإجماع”، والتمييز غير المحسوم بين “الأمور الموضوعية” و“الأمور الإجرائية” وفق المادة السابعة، وغموض أثر الامتناع والغياب عن التصويت، فضلاً عن غياب آليات تنفيذية قسرية تضمن الالتزام بقرارات المجلس. تعتمد المقالة مقاربة قانونية–تاريخية لتحليل أداء الجامعة عبر أربعة محاور مترابطة: الإطار القانوني للتصويت وإشكالية الإجماع؛ السياق السياسي للأزمة وحدود التوافق العربي منذ الساعات الأولى للاجتياح؛ الديناميكية الإجرائية داخل مؤسسات الجامعة في الاجتماعات الطارئة؛ ثم مقارنة التوظيف السياسي للغموض القانوني بأداء مجلس الأمن الدولي الذي تمكن، بفعل قواعد أوضح وآليات تنفيذ أكثر صرامة، من إصدار قرارات متتابعة وحاسمة. وتخلص الدراسة إلى أن غموض القواعد الإجرائية وضعف أدوات التنفيذ حوّلا الميثاق إلى ساحة صراع وأداة تعطيل فعّالة، بما أسهم في انتقال مركز إدارة الأزمة من الإطار العربي إلى النظام الدولي. وتقترح إعادة النظر في آليات التصويت، وتحديد أثر الامتناع والغياب، وتطوير مؤسسات المتابعة والمساءلة، بما يعزّز فاعلية الجامعة في إدارة الأزمات مستقبلاً.
In this research we have tackled the role of Talent management (as a private variable) within (the Talent attraction, the Talent management performance, Talent development and Talent retention) on strategic performance reinforcement ( accredited variable) within its dimensions ( financial perspective, costumer perspective, internal operations perspective and learning and development perspective). The research conducted on sample of some college teachers from two of Sumer's colleges. The research problem represented by the broad organization's competition as well as universities; which led these colleges to investigate it's skillful human staff to meet it's strategic performance.
To meet the aims of
... Show MoreSuggestion Plan for the Reclassification of U.N Publications in Central Library
This study aims to identify the role of electronic management in simplifying the work procedures at Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University. The study was based on the random sample of (366) individuals. The data were collected through interviews and questionnaire. The statistical tests were applied according to the data and the study hypotheses: Cronbach’s Alpha, mean, standard deviation, Z test, ANOVA. The study concluded numbers of results: Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University applies electronic management in its administrative processes (planning, organizing, directing, controlling) to a very high level. There are substantial differences in the views of the sample me
... Show MoreThe aim of the research is to highlight the income tax by direct deduction in Iraq and the most important problems and obstacles faced by this type of taxes and identify the reasons for the clear and striking differences in the deduction between those charged with the state departments to reach the exact calculation in accordance with the laws and instructions and the unification of tax deductions for similar cases and clarify Cases of confusion and ambiguity, and achieving justice by deduction, whether in favor of the taxpayer or financial authority. Under the laws and regulations in force.
The study was conducted on a sample of the salaries of the employees of the University of Basra, and interviews with account m
... Show MoreThe increase the rates of natural growth, urbanization and continuous migration, this has generated constant pressure and, as a result, the capital city of Baghdad faces a number of challenges related to its urban environment, including the challenge of acquiring real estate.
and this research examines the impact of these holdings, representing the main base from which the various projects originate Urban in all areas (economic, social, and recreational).
this leads us to the research problem of the obstacles that arise during the process of acquiring real estate to carry out development projects, and to achieve the objectives of research, namely (work to create a regulatory methodology
... Show MoreAI-Shidyaq is considering one of the scholars' of Arab modern Renaissance. He
enjoyed a dusting nished status among the men of letters of his age. He added many things in
language and literature that made him, during the Arab modern Renaissance, a pioneer
researcher in the 1900s. He had established a state for literature that turnal him in to one of
the critics of his age, to the extent that he was called the Eagle of Lebanon (similar to the
Eagle of Quraish).
He was also called the Jahiz of his age, Voltaire of his generation and Khleel of the
1900s. He was also called Victor Hugo.
He was characterized by a character of smoothness in style, Clarity in meaning and
purpose, an ability to analyze, Describe and wr
Education College for women/History dept./Baghdad University
Yathrib contained many villages . Every village was semi independent . The Amaliqa Arab had lived in before the others Arab ,like Bany Bala . Aws and Khazraj had immigrated to Yathrib about 200
سوسيولوجية "ثوارت" "الربيع العربي (دراسة تحليلية لفعل الثورات العربية)
The aim of the research is to identify the extent of the direct and indirect relationship of the population growth of the cities as a result of the urbanization process witnessed by the Arab region for the urban development of the city structures and their formative structures, changing the planning criteria of some cities and the extent of their changes in spatial and temporal dimensions and their relation to the standards of the western cities. In changing the concept of the modern Arab city, such as the emergence of new functional uses affecting the change in the pattern of formal formations of its urban fabric associated with its ancient morphology and distinctive human nature. The research seeks to identify the extent to which plann
... Show MoreThe current research aims to determine the necessary linguistic competencies for Arabic language teachers of the preparatory stage (fourth grade preparatory), which were five main competencies: Arabic grammar competencies, literary competencies, cultural competencies, rhetorical competencies, and expression competencies. To achieve the objective of the research, the researcher developed a questionnaire as the main tool for collecting data based on literature, it consists of (28) items including the five main competencies. The questionnaire was administered to (60) male and female teachers at Al-Karkh's first Education Directorate in the city of Baghdad. The findings of the research indicated that Arabic language proficiency got the highe
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