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معضلة "الإجماع" في ميثاق جامعة الدول العربية وأثرها على إدارة أزمة الخليج الثانية (1990-1991): قراءة قانونية-تاريخية
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الملخص (باللغة العربية) شكّل اجتياح العراق للكويت في 2 آب/أغسطس 1990 اختباراً حاسماً لقدرة جامعة الدول العربية على إدارة الأزمات الإقليمية وصياغة موقف عربي موحّد إزاء انتهاك واضح لسيادة دولة عضو. غير أن أداء الجامعة خلال أزمة الخليج الثانية كشف عن حالة من الشلل المؤسسي والإجرائي، تجلّت في بطء اتخاذ القرار، وتنازع التأويلات حول شرعية الإجراءات، وتوظيف نصوص الميثاق بما أعاق إنتاج قرار عربي حازم وقابل للتنفيذ. تنطلق هذه الدراسة من فرضية مفادها أن هذا الشلل لم يكن نتيجة الانقسام السياسي وحده، بل حصيلة تفاعل الانقسام مع الاستثمار السياسي للثغرات القانونية في ميثاق الجامعة، ولا سيما ما يتصل بمفهوم “الإجماع”، والتمييز غير المحسوم بين “الأمور الموضوعية” و“الأمور الإجرائية” وفق المادة السابعة، وغموض أثر الامتناع والغياب عن التصويت، فضلاً عن غياب آليات تنفيذية قسرية تضمن الالتزام بقرارات المجلس. تعتمد المقالة مقاربة قانونية–تاريخية لتحليل أداء الجامعة عبر أربعة محاور مترابطة: الإطار القانوني للتصويت وإشكالية الإجماع؛ السياق السياسي للأزمة وحدود التوافق العربي منذ الساعات الأولى للاجتياح؛ الديناميكية الإجرائية داخل مؤسسات الجامعة في الاجتماعات الطارئة؛ ثم مقارنة التوظيف السياسي للغموض القانوني بأداء مجلس الأمن الدولي الذي تمكن، بفعل قواعد أوضح وآليات تنفيذ أكثر صرامة، من إصدار قرارات متتابعة وحاسمة. وتخلص الدراسة إلى أن غموض القواعد الإجرائية وضعف أدوات التنفيذ حوّلا الميثاق إلى ساحة صراع وأداة تعطيل فعّالة، بما أسهم في انتقال مركز إدارة الأزمة من الإطار العربي إلى النظام الدولي. وتقترح إعادة النظر في آليات التصويت، وتحديد أثر الامتناع والغياب، وتطوير مؤسسات المتابعة والمساءلة، بما يعزّز فاعلية الجامعة في إدارة الأزمات مستقبلاً.

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 06 2018
Journal Name
Arab Science Heritage Journal
استخدام استخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية في الدراسات الاثارية ( تنقيبات جامعة الموصل).
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GIS is characterized by great potentialeties to deal with huge geographical data and conclude what is necessary for it. It was very useful to get use of the potentialities of this system of GIS in the field of archaeology and to harvest very accurate results in a relatively short time, compared to the old archaeological methods.

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 03 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Level of Computer Literacy of the Students at Al Quds Open University in Tulkarm Branch
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The purpose of this study is to assess the level of computer literacy of the students at AlQuds open university in Tulkarm Branch. The study investigates the effects of the variables of gender, specialization, academic level, owning a personal computer, internet communication, and own an email account on the level of computer literacy. A test of computer literacy was constructed by the researchers consisting of (37) multiple choice items with a reliability rate (0.85). The study population consisted of (4100) students, while the sample contained (352) students. The study revealed that the level of computer literacy of the students at AlQuds Open University in Tulkarm Branch was (66.2 %) which is educationally acceptable. It also

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 12 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Stress and Its Associated Factors among Students of the College of Nursing University of Baghdad
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Objectives: The current study aims at identifying the level of perceived stress among nursing college students and determining the factors associated with stress they have. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study initiated for the period on November 1st, 2014 to May 1st, 2015. The study has been conducted on the undergraduate nursing college students / University of Baghdad. The sample of the study was consisted of (128) students who were selected purposively. The questionnaire of the study was adopted and modified for the present study which consisted of socio-demographic data and the scale of

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
تطوير واقع مقرر التطبيقات التدريسية في أقسام كليات التربية جامعة بغداد
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The followers of the reality of the decision application faculty in departments of faculties of education of the University of Baghdad, it is noted that there are many shortcomings, which relate to Path, management, design, and evaluation, Coming from the work of the researcher as a teacher and supervisor, as well as to inform the researcher on many of the studies and literature, luck researcher on the article there are no courses are clear in theory and in practice the decision of the applications teaching, and often puts the teacher education curriculum, which lacks the link between the theoretical and practical, either in relation to its management, there is no office for the management and coordination at the University of Baghdad or

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 29 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Factors Affecting the Students' Choice of a Major at King Abdulaziz University
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The present study aimed at examining the factors that affect the choice of A major among a sample of BA fe(male) students at the levels 3-8 in King Abdulaziz University (KAU), in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. To meet this objective, a descriptive survey method was used together with a questionnaire that consisted of 4 axes to answer the central question: What are the factors affecting the choice of a major at the university? Results have shown that the item that measured the students’ ability to choose the major ranked (First); it was concerned with the effect on the students' choice of his/her major in the university. On the last position and with respect to this effect came the professional tendencies and desires. Results have also shown tha

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The role of compensation system in improving the quality of educational services (Halabja University as a model)
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          This study deals with the role of compensation system in improving the quality of educational services (University of Halabja as a Model) also our problem was the following question ; What is the role of compensation system in its different dimensions in improving the quality of educational services? And what is the relationship and impact of using the dimensions of the compensation system to improve the quality of educational services? The hypothesis of the research included the correlation and the impacts between the compensation system and its combined variables in the quality of educational services. This was proved through a field study and the distribution of questionn

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2012
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Skills of Media Marketing of the Public Relations Staff: (University of Baghdad as a Model)
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Departments and offices of public relations and media in any institution or company is the most important departments that reflect the results of their work negatively or positively on their reputation. This goes beyond the trust and credibility that its internal and external audiences will give it. Where such matter requires the staff, working in these departments and offices, to have communication skills that qualify them to do the role of marketing the communication message. Yet, the communication skills of public relations and media staff vary from person to person depending on the communication position. This skill has two criteria: Achieving the communication goal and the speed in achieving it as a number of skills

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 04 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Social Factors for Delaying the Age of Marriage among Working-Women at the University of Baghdad
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The phenomenon of delayed marriage triggered the intention of most researchers and specialists to reveal the social factors associated with the spread of this phenomenon in order to identify the characteristics of that phenomenon and the social factors resulting from it. Thus, the current research aims to identify the social factors most related to the delay in marriage age among working-women at the University of Baghdad, represented by family factors, economic factors-professional, psychological factors – subjective, and environmental factors. The researcher also aims to identify the differences in social factors associated with late marriage age for working women at the University of Baghdad in terms of the type of profession (teach

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Educational and psychological adjustment among hostel's students at Omer al-mokhtar University
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Educational and psychological adjustment considered to be one of the effective and serious matters at people dealings and behaviors. Generally, psychological adjustment reflects positively on an individual mental health and their capability to be creative at their field. In contrast to those people who lack this feature. As for educational adjustment, it refers to the compatibility and harmony between an individuals and people around. Thus, these features should be available among students particularly those who stay in students' hostel since they live far from their families. The findings of study revealed that there is Educational and psychological adjustment between male and female. Besides, significant differences were showed

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 28 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The measurement of Ibn Abi al-Rabee (688 AH) in his book (Abstract in the regulation of Arabic laws)
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The book of the summary in the control of the laws of Arabic is one of the most important books of Andalusian grammar, the resonance of which is clearly evident among the mother of the language books in the seventh century AH because of the character of the educational style easy and simplified service for anyone who wants the Nile Arabic grammar, that end through what is pursued in his book (Summary) on according to visual standards, as was Ibn Abi Al-Rabeea of first- type, and illustrated in which he addressed the analogies, and he followed the modalities expressed and its consequences relating to each attachment in which a (illness and reasoning factor) And what he said in the framework of each service for the study material in his ha

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