Due to the deterioration of water quality within the last few years because of the increase of water consumption and the waste water production and disposal into the river The water quality in both surface and ground water resources was negatively affected .The concept of water quality index is used as a tool for water quality classification in Tigris River within Baghdad City .Twenty two parameters of pollution were selected to measure the water quality indices of Tigris river within Baghdad city .Those parameters were measured during (2000-2004)as average monthly values ,three water treatment plants were selected out of the eight water treatment plants that exist along the river.Al Kharkh water treatment plant to reflect the water quality north of Baghdad ,Al Wathba water treatment plant to reflect water quality at the center and Al Rasheed water treatment plant located south of Baghdad to reflect the water quality at this area .The estimated water quality indices indicated that the river quality deteriorate south of Baghdad and the geological and hydrological conditions played the prime role relative to the agricultural and industrial activities within the catchments on the quality of Tigris river .Furthermore ,due to the continuous decrease of flow and the simultaneous increase in agricultural and industrial development with time ,the river showed a general deterioration in quality while the worst years were 2002,2003 due to the significant decrease in the amount of flow .
A newly developed analytical method characterized by its speed and sensitivity for
the determination of cadmium (II) in aqueous solution in three randomly chosen
samples from river water at different locations via turbidimetric measurement by
Ayah 6SX1-T-2D Solar - CFI analyser. The method is based on the formation of
yellowish white precipitate for the complex Cd3[Fe(CN)6]2 by direct reaction of the
cadmium (II) with potassium hexacyano ferrate (III) in aqueous medium. Turbidity
was measured via the reflection of incident light that collides on the surfaces
precipitated particles at 0-180o. Chemical and physical parameters were investigated.
Linear dynamic of cadmium (II) is ranged from 0.05-12 mmol.L-1, with cor
A new simple sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method has been developed for the analysis of vanadium(V) in three randomly chosen samples from river water at different locations by continuous flow injection analysis. The method based on the oxidation of pyrogallol by vanadium(V) in acidic solution to form color species and the same species was determined using homemade Ayah 6SX1-T-2D solar cell analyser . Chemical and physical parameters were investigated using the high intensity of snow white light emitted diode as a source. The linear dynamic range for the instrument response versus vanadium(V) concentration was 1-200 mg.L-1 with correlation coefficient r = 0.9920. The limit of detection (S/N=3) was 70 ng/ sample from the step
... Show MoreThis research aims to analyse the problem of organizations in general and universities in particular, in dealing with �quality subjects� in a world where these organizations face the risks of becoming side lined and possibly vanished without looking for solutions that allow them to move in an open arena where change becomes the key to those solutions. Change here must be strategic and planning must adopts a way for organizations to develop mechanisms to manage change itself. Management leaders play a central role in achieving the principle required to chart new trends for universities in dealing with quality as a strategy that allows excellence and competition in light of the success of the processes of change. Change through reengineer
... Show MoreIn this study, the activity concentrations of indoor radon, thoron
and their progeny have been measured in air for 61 different
locations of Al-Maddan city using twin cup dosimeter. Furthermore,
some useful parameters concerning the health hazards have been
estimated; working level month (WLM), annual effective dose (Eff),
and excess lung cancer per million person per year (ELC).The results
show that the values of radon gas levels in the investigated districts
varied from 56.28 to 194.43Bq/m3with an overall average value
132.96Bq/m3, while 0.313 to 1.085 for WLM with an overall average
0.740, respectively. The value of Eff and ELC have been found to
vary from 1.420 to 4.918 mSv/y with an overall average valu
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This paper attempts to develop statistical modeling for air-conditioning analysis in Jakarta, Indonesia, during an emergency state of community activity restrictions enforcement (Emergency CARE), using a variety of parameters such as PM10, PM2.5, SO2, CO, O3, and NO2 from five IoT-based air monitoring systems. The parameters mentioned above are critical for assessing the air quality conditions and concentration of air pollutants. Outdoor air pollution concentration variations before and after the Emergency CARE, which was held in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic on July 3-21, 2021, were studied. An air quality monitoring system based on the IoT generates sensor data
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Rainwater harvesting could be a possible solution to decrease the consequences of water scarcity and energy deficiency in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). This study aims to calculate the water and energy (electricity) saved by rainwater harvesting for rooftops and green areas in Sulaimani city, KR, Iraq. Various data were acquired from different formal entities in Sulaimani city. Moreover, Google Earth and ArcMap 10.4 software were used for digitizing and calculating the total rooftop and green areas. The results showed that for the used runoff coefficients (0.8 and 0.95), the harvested rainwater volumes were 2901563 and 12197131 m³ during the study period (2005 – 2006) and (2019-2020). Moreover, by compa
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Solanum americanum is a new annual shrubby plant seen recently in fields and gardens of Baghdad city. A new species is described and illustrated, inhabit wet or semi dry places and have consequently a mesophytic habit. A detailed morphological study of the stems, leaves, Inflorescence, flower, male and female reproductive organs and fruits has been done, revealed several interesting taxonomic characteristics, which have not previously been studied in Iraq. Also, anatomical studies reveals constant taxonomical characteristics such as the presence of anthocayanine in outer row of epidermis, distinct chlorenchyma in whole cortex, the wide pith of stems, and presence of distinct mesophyll that differentiated into palisade layer and spongy laye
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This study investigated the application of the crystallization process for oilfield produced water from the East Baghdad oilfield affiliated to the Midland Oil Company (Iraq). Zero liquid discharge system (ZLD) consists of several parts such as oil skimming, coagulation/flocculation, forward osmosis, and crystallization, the crystallization process is a final part of a zero liquid discharge system. The laboratory-scale simple evaporation system was used to evaluate the performance of the crystallization process. In this work, sodium chloride solution and East Baghdad oilfield produced water were used as a feed solution with a concentration of 177 and 220 g/l. The impact of temperature (70, 80, and 90 °C), mixing speed (300, 400, and 500
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The solar energy is the major source of power for the future and an important source of renewable energy in Iraq and the world. Suitable climate conditions for solar energy are available in Iraq, especially the high temperature in the summer season which extends for more than six months in the year. Hence, the global solar radiation is abundant with high intensity, which is very essential in applicable models for researchers and solar applications. Therefore, nine first-order regression empirical equations of Angstrom-type correlations were used to estimate the more appropriate global solar radiation model for Baghdad city. Two equations were developed empirically in this work, using the most available and easy to get meteorological data
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The aim of this research is to identify the level of health services provided in the health centers operating in the family medicine system in Baghdad, and to determine the extent to which these health centers are applied to the internationally recognized standards , "Defining the quality of service gap between health care centers operating in the family medicine system and the standards adopted by the corresponding international centers (Al-Shabab Model Family Medicine Center, Al-Jahad Family Health Center, Al-Adhamiya Family Health Center, Al-Zawiya Family Health Center), and in view of what our health institutions are facing. The family of primary health care centers has difficulties, obstacles and challenges such as the diffi
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