Introduction: We aimed to assess the impact of adhesive and wires types on the tensile bond strength of fixed lingual retainers. Methods: A total of 160 intact bovine teeth were collected, cleaned, stored in 25% sodium hypochlorite, and randomly assigned to two groups based on the adhesive type: a two-step adhesive and a one-step adhesive. Each group was further divided into four subgroups based on the type of lingual retainer wire, which included (A) 8-strand braided stainless steel wire, (B) three-strand titanium retainer wire, (C) stainless steel chain, and (D) fiber-reinforced retainer. A tensile bond strength test was conducted using a universal testing machine at a controlled speed of 10 mm/min. Result: The 8-strand braided stainles

In this study, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized from graphene oxide (GO) via an ascorbic acid-assisted reduction process. GO was synthesized from graphite powder using a modified Hummers technique. The surface morphology, structure, functional groups, and elemental compositions of the produced materials were studied using various methods, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/EDX, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and UV-Vis. The removal of oxygen-containing functional groups in rGO through reduction resulted in poor sample quality. In addition, FTIR investigations revealed that GO contained more oxygen-containing functional groups than rGO. Typical peaks at 2

When scheduling rules become incapable to tackle the presence of a variety of unexpected disruptions frequently occurred in manufacturing systems,  it is necessary to develop a reactive schedule which can absorb the effects of such disruptions. Such responding requires efficient strategies, policies, and methods to controlling production & maintaining high shop performance. This can be achieved through rescheduling task which defined as an essential operating function to efficiently tackle and response to uncertainties and unexpected events. The framework proposed in this study consists of rescheduling approaches, strategies, policies, and techniques, which represents a guideline for most manufacturing companies operatin

Background: Morphology of the root canal system is divergent and unpredictable, and rather linked to clinical complications, which directly affect the treatment outcome. This objective necessitates continuous informative update of the effective clinical and laboratory methods for identifying this anatomy, and classification systems suitable for communication and interpretation in different situations. Data: Only electronic published papers were searched within this review. Sources: “PubMed” website was the only source used to search for data by using the following keywords "root", "canal", "morphology", "classification". Study selection: 153 most relevant papers to the topic were selected, especially the original articles and review pa

The first flow injection spectrophotometric method is characterized by its speed and sensitivity which have been developed for the determination of promethazine-HCl in pure and pharmaceutical preparation. It is based on the in situ detection of colored cationic radicals formed via oxidation of the drug with sodium persulphate to pinkish-red species and the same species was determined by using homemade Ayah 3SX3-3D solar flow injection photometer. Optimum conditions were obtained by using the high intensive green light emitted diode as a source. Linear dynamic range for the absorbance versus promethazine-HCl concentration was 0-7 mmol.L-1, with the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9904 while the percentage linearity (r2%) was 98.09%. the L.