Mukdadiya Formation represents one of the formations that cover a huge area of Iraq. It contains several clastic deposits, such as sandstone, siltstone, and a noticeable amount of gravels. The gravels are considered as the hallmark to differentiate between Injana and Mukdadiya formations. Therefore, the current study focused on these facies to determine the petrography, paleontology , and origin of Mukdadiya deposits. The results of SEM-EDX and XRD analyses showed two types of gravels, namely the siliceous and lime gravels. The highest percentage of gravels belonged to the sedimentary origin (limestone). The elements of Si, Ca, and Fe represented the common elements that formed the studied gravels. The pale

The presence of natural radioactivity in soil and other materials results in internal and external exposure in twelve samples at Al_Dura Heating generator at south of Baghdad using NaI(Ti) detector .Therefore, it is desirable to determine the concentration of naturally occurring radionuclide's238 U 232Th and 40 K,.. natural radioactivity and associated radiation hazard in some soil samples. The natural radioactivity due to the presence of 238 U 232Th and40 K in soil samples was measured by gamma spectrometry using NaI(Tl) scintillation well-shaped detector. In this context, soil samples were collected from thirty different locations of southern Al-Dura thermal Power Plant.Radium equivalent activities were calculatedfor the analyzed sampl

     This study deals with the interpretation of structural 3D seismic reflection of the Kumait oil field in southern Iraq within the administrative boundaries of the Maysan Governorate. Synthetic seismograms are prepared by using available data of the Kt-1 oil field by using Petrel software to define and pick the reflector on the seismic section of the Zubair Formation, Which represents the Cretaceous Age. The study shows that the Kumait structure is an anticline fold. It is thought to be a structure trap caused by the collision of the Arabian and Iranian plates and trending in the same direction as driving factors in the area, which are from the northwest to the southeast, and the overall trend of strata is north and northeast. Sei

Iraq has had more than 10000 km2 of geographical low land areas called marshes.
Enriched with great diversity of natural vegetation and wild life. With increasing
climatic changes and passive man interference phenomena, vast areas of these
marshes have deteriorated through drying out processes at an alarming rate.
According to recent survey achieved by several Iraqi ministries marshes areas have
decreased to about quarter of theS original area. The statistical data and geospatial
information are weak. We monitored, assessed the environmental processes and
detect changes using digitally processed landsat MSS (Multispectral Scanner) and
Spot (System Pour Observation) satellite images that transform haur Ibn Najm

The estimation of rock petrophysical parameters is an essential matter to characterize any reservoir. This research deals with the evaluation of  effective porosity (Pe), shale volume (Vsh) and water saturation (Sw) of reservoirs at Kumait and Dujalia fields, which were analyzed from well log and seismic data. The absolute acoustic impedance (AI) and relative acoustic impedance (RAI) were derived from a model which is based on the inversion of seismic 3-D post-stack data. NahrUmr formation’s sand reservoirs are identified by the RAI section of the study area. Nahr Umr sand-2 unit in Kumait field is the main reservoir; its delineation depends on the available well logs and AI sections information. The results of well logging i

Aquatic Oligochaetes community in the Iraqi southern marshes, Al- Hawiezah, Al-Chibayish and Al-Hammar, have been studied for the period from July 2006 to June 2007. Two sites within each marsh, in addition to a reference site located at Shatt Al-Garma, have been chosen for sample collection using Ekman dredge. The results revealed that the highest average annual density was 16800 individual / m2 recorded in Al-Hawiezah marsh, while in Al-Chibayish and al-Hammar marsh the density did not exceed 5111 individual/m2. In contrast, the density of Oligochaetes recorded in Shatt Al-Garma was about 10500 individual / m2. The highest monthly density was recorded in April 2007.The highest local percentage occurrence was 96% recorded in Al-Hawiezah ma

A new gravity and seismic survey along a profile length (70 Km) carried out at the area of exploration Block- 11 in Al- Najaf desert, southwest Iraq. The obtained gravity and seismic value compared with the previous available data that achieved by IPC and OEC for gravity and seismic data respectively. The difference between the new gravity profile and the old one is mainly in small anomaly not more than (14 %) that related to shallow depth levels and presents through power spectrum analysis. Previously, Ghulaissan-1 well which drilled in (1960) depend on a positive gravity and magnetic anomaly interpret, which is considered as an anticline structure in sub surface. It did not indicate any hydrocarbon shows after drilling, the integration

This research will cover different aspects of estimating process of construction work in a desert area. The inherent difficulties which accompany the cost estimating of the construction works in desert environment in a developing country, will stem from the limited information available, resources scarcity, low level of skilled workers, the prevailing severe weather conditions and many others, which definitely don't provide a fair, reliable and accurate estimation. This study tries to present unit price to estimate the cost in preliminary phase of a project.  Estimations are supported by developing mathematical equations based on the historical data of maintenance, new construction of managerial and school projects.