This study investigates in vitro biofilm production. Presence of ica A and D genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated for biofilm production by the microtiter plate method. Between December 2020 and October 2021, out of 215 clinical specimens were collected from patients with pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, bacteremia, chronic burns, deep wounds, urinary tract infection and catheterized patients. Out of which 45 MRSA isolates were identified by the susceptibility test utilizing cefoxitin and the occurrence of mecA gene for resistance for this antibiotic verified by polymerase chain reaction technique. A sensitivity test was conducted for five other antibiotics

The study was carried out to investigate MLS and vancomycin resistance phenotypes in S.aureus isolated from different clinical samples .A total of 40 of S.aureus isolated from Baghdad hospitals from different clinical samples such as blood , urin, sputum ,skin and ear swabs used to identified MLS and vancomycin resistance phenotypes.The susceptibility pattern showed that 3 islolates (7.5) % constitutive resistance to erythromycin ,clindamycin and streptogramins (cMLS) while 9 isolates (22.5)% gave inducible resistance to erythromycin ,clindamycin and streptogramins (iMLS) , 10 isolates (25)% showed resistance to erythromycin and sensitive to clindamycin (M phenotype) and 18 isolates (45)% of S.aureus isolates had resistance phenotype to

A total number of 68 water samples was revealed 20 isolates being Staphylococcus aureus. Irrigation water isolates represented 25% of isolates while wastewater 75%. all isolates were identified by morphological, microscopial, biochemical tests and VITEK®2 Compact. Bacterial isolates were subjected to 16 antibiotics, all irrigation water and wastewater isolates were resistant to penicillin while they were fully sensitive to Ciprofloxcin. Irrigation water isolates showed relatively greater multi-drug resistance than wastewater, wherein irrigation water isolates showed 100% multi-drug resistance while wastewater isolates showed 73.3% multi-drug resistance, indicating the ability of S. aureus MDR to move from one site to another, which means t

The emergence and spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was a public health problem worldwide that causes nosocomial and community infections. Forty three isolates (71.66%) were characterized as S.aureus, were isolated from 60 different clinical specimens (blood, nose, wound, urine and vaginal) collected from patients from different hospitals of Baghdad. All isolates were resistant (100%) to Aztreonam, Carbenicillin, Cifixime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, and showed high resistance to each of Methicillin, Oxacillin, Ampicillin and Penicillin . the MRSA isolates were typed based on (SCCmec) typing ,the result revealed that SCCmecIVa was the most common in isolates (41.86%), following type IVc (20.93%), type II(16.27%). V

Bacteriocin is an important antimicrobial peptide that can be used in industrial and medical fields due to its characteristics of antibacterial, food preservation and anticancer activities. Fifty isolates of Bacillus sp were collected from different soil samples which were already recognized via morphological and biochemical identification process. The isolates were screened for bacteriocin production effective against Staphylococcus spp in order to select the highest producing isolate. The isolate NK16 showed the maximum bacteriocin production (80 AU/ml) which was further characterized as Bacillus subtilis NK 16 through using API identification system (API 20E and API 50CHB). Then, next step was to detect the optimal conditions for maximum

The present work aimed to investigate the neuraminidase (nan1) gene expression in 32 different clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to explore the role of the enzyme in different types of infection and might give a better understanding of host cell-pathogens interaction. In addition, the effect of monosaccharide D-mannose on neuraminidase gene expression in eight isolates was studied by utilizing a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The results demonstrated that the highest expression of nan1 gene was in otitis samples (208,913.81) which were significantly higher than that from other infections (P < 0.01). While, the concentrations of gene copies obtained from urin

      Under high concentrations of antibiotics, a fraction of the bacterial population exhibits a phenomenon known as persistence. Toxin- system (TA system) has been reported to be involved in the formation of E. coli, Mycobacterium, and S. aureus persisters.  In this study, the ability of thirty Iraqi isolates of MRSA to form in vitro persister cells after exposure to three different antibiotics (Ceftriaxone 30 µg, Mecillinam 10 µg, and Mupirocin 20 µg) was examined by TD test. Additionally, efflux pump inhibitor [Fluphenazine 0.25 mg/ml] was combined with the antibiotic that triggered persister formation. The distribution of mazEF and yefM-yoeB (Type II TA system) in the tested isolates was detected by PCR. 91% of Mupirocin su

Staphylococci are common commensals in human beings, yet certain species are pathogenic. Staphylococcus aureus, particularly, is a very virulent human pathogen. The capacity of staphylococci to sense the density of bacterial cell, i.e., quorum, and thereafter respond via genetic modifications is attributable to one primary mechanism known as accessory gene regulator (Agr). Agr's extracellular signal is a peptide that is posttranslationally modified with a thiolactone molecule. Agr is in charge of the upregulation of numerous exotoxins and hydrolyzing enzymes, as well as the downregulation of many colonization determinants, under circumstances of high cell density. This modulation is critical for the scheduling synthesis of virul

The inhibitory effect of Eucalyptus rostrata leaves extraction was investigated on multiple-antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria (E.coli and S. aureus), isolated from Iraqi patients. The minimum inhibitory concentrations in a final concentration of 10 mg/ml. Tow fold dilutions was done from (12.5- 100) mg/ ml to examine the antibacterial effect of different concentrations of the plant extract on both bacteria. The study results revealed that Eucalyptus rostrata extract has a potential inhibitory effect on both gram negative and gram positive species. The current study supports the traditional approach of using Eucalyptus rostrata leaves extraction in treatment trails against bacterial infections.

Fourty three isolates ( 20.7%) characterized as Staphylococcus aureus , were isolated from 207 different clinical sources (blood , nose, , wound , urine , vaginal, ear and eye) in different percentages (30.23, 18.60, 16.28, 13.95, 15.15, 6.96 and 2.33 %), respectively. The staphyloxanthin (STX) production of S. aureus isolate was estimated 72.1% .The optimal conditions for pigment production by S. aureus AE36 , were detected and was noticed that the milk agar medium revealed the highest production of pigment which was estimated to be 165.21unit/cell, at pH 8 for 72 hr at 370C. The Staphyloxanthin pigment was extracted using methanol and was purified partially by organic solvents and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results revealed t