General Directorate of Surveying is considered one of the most important sources of maps in Iraq. It produced digital maps for whole Iraq in the last six years. These maps are produced from different data sources with unknown accuracy; therefore, the quality of these maps needs to be assessed. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the positional accuracy of digital maps that produced from General Directorate of Surveying. Two different study areas were selected: AL-Rusafa and AL-Karkh in Baghdad / Iraq with an area of 172.826 and 135.106 square kilometers, respectively. Different statistical analyses were conducted to calculate the elements of positional accuracy assessment (mean µ, root mean square error RMSE, minimum and maxi

Research summary

Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the one who was the most eloquent of people in language and the most eloquent of them in eloquence, our Master Muhammad (peace and blessings of God be upon him).

To proceed... There is no doubt that many studies have preceded me in talking about chalk, each according to his own destination and view, and what I do not deny is that I benefited a lot from it, and it provided me with a lot of valuable information, and I liked to be one of those study pens, trying as much as possible To add something new and different in the study, far from similarity and repetition. Especially in the Abbasid study.

The babble in the Abbasid society was d

Recently, the theory of Complex Networks gives a modern insight into a variety of applications in our life. Complex Networks are used to form complex phenomena into graph-based models that include nodes and edges connecting them. This representation can be analyzed by using network metrics such as node degree, clustering coefficient, path length, closeness, betweenness, density, and diameter, to mention a few. The topology of the complex interconnections of power grids is considered one of the challenges that can be faced in terms of understanding and analyzing them. Therefore, some countries use Complex Networks concepts to model their power grid networks. In this work, the Iraqi Power Grid network (IPG) has been modeled, visua

This study is based on the basic idea: that human communication does not stop at the limits of words spoken, but extends to include the movements of the body and its members, such as the face, hand, eye, hearing, touch, taste, sensation and the public body.
The human movements represented by polarization, frowns, tattoos, and movements are all auxiliary tools that reach meanings and affect others greatly.
 Perhaps their importance is also in their ability to translate what is going on in the soul, and to show it to the outside body members, without the control of the human in many cases, it is thus an important factor in the process of human communication.
The purpose of this study is to show the senses of the senses in the

As regional development, as a matter of course, poses a number of systemic, scientific and political problems. While the issue of development is primarily at the national level to the limits of World War II in the industrialized world and to the 1960s borders in most Third World countries, the increasing awareness of regional disparities has led to the regional issue Were taken into consideration in the early 1960s and 1970s in most industrialized and developing countries alike. The local issue was only introduced in the early 1980s. The awareness of regional disparities and the fact that the regions do not have the same potential and that some regions have the resources to enable them to develop, grow and develop, unlike other r

Let M be a n-dimensional manifold. A C1- map f : M  M is called transversal if for all m N the graph of fm intersect transversally the diagonal of MM at each point (x,x) such that x is fixed point of fm. We study the minimal set of periods of f(M per (f)), where M has the same homology of the complex projective space and the real projective space. For maps of degree one we study the more general case of (M per (f)) for the class of continuous self-maps, where M has the same homology of the n-dimensional sphere.

This research is based on the study of a group of Quranic verses that share a certain part, and these verses are verses of righteousness, and the word righteousness has been mentioned in the Holy Qur’an eight times, and the number of verses in this word was six verses, in four walls, all of which are from the civil fence which is the cow and was There are five words of righteousness contained in them, and the family of Imran is one word, and the table is one word, and the argument is one word. This study adopts the method of analytical interpretation of the Quranic text is a term that means statement and clarification in a way that the researcher produces to divide a Quranic text into its elements that are involved in its formation and

The execution phase  of the project is most dangerous and the most drain on the resources during project life cycle, therefore, its need to monitor and control by specialists to exceeded obstructions and achieve the project goals. The study aims to detect the actual reasons behind mismanagement of the execution phase. The study begins with theoretical part, where it deals with the concepts of project, project selection, project management, and project processes. Field part consists of three techniques: 1- brainstorming, 2- open interviews with experts and 3- designed questionnaire (with 49 reason. These reasons result from brainstorming and interviewing with experts.), in order to find the real reasons behind misman