Acidizing is one of the most used stimulation techniques in the petroleum industry. Several reports have been issued on the difficulties encountered during the stimulation operation of the Ahdeb oil field, particularly in the development of the Mishrif reservoir, including the following: (1) high injection pressures make it difficult to inject acid into the reservoir formation, and (2) only a few acid jobs have been effective in Ahdeb oil wells, while the bulk of the others has been unsuccessful. The significant failure rate of oil well stimulation in this deposit necessitates more investigations. Thus, we carried out this experimental study to systematically investigate the influence of acid treatment on the geomechanical properties of Mi4 formation of the Mishrif reservoir. The acid core-flood experiments were performed on seven core samples from the oil reservoir in central Iraq. The porosity, permeability, acoustic velocities, rock strength, and dynamic elastic parameters were computed before and after the acidizing treatment. To determine the optimal acid injection rate, different injection flow rates were used in the core-flooding experiments. The propagation of an acid-induced wormhole and its effect on the rock properties were analyzed and compared to that of intact rocks. Computed tomography (CT) scan and a 3D reconstruction technique were also conducted to establish the size and geometry of the generated wormhole. To analyze the influence of mineralogical variation and heterogeneity and confirm the consistency of the outcomes, acidizing experiments on different rock samples were conducted. The results demonstrate that for all the rock samples studied, the mechanical properties exhibit rock weakening post-acid treatment. The Young’s modulus reduced by 26% to 37%, while the Poisson’s ratio, the coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest, and the material index increased by 13% to 20%, 23% to 32%, and 28% to 125%, respectively. The CT scan visually confirmed that the acid treatment effectively creates a pathway for fluid flow through the core.
Foliar application and seed soaking has been used as a means of supplying supplemental doses of nutrients, plant hormones, stimulants, and organic components. the effects of these applications have included yield increases, and improved drought tolerance, and enhanced crop quality, so A field experiment was carried out during spring seasons in 2019 and 2020 for styding Seed soaking and Foliar Application of Ascorbic acid, Citric acid and Humic acid on Growth, Yield and Active Components IN Maize. Randomized complete block design in split plots arrangement was used with three replicates. Main-plots were for seeds soaking with ascorbic, citric (100 mg l-1) frequently and humic at (1 ml l-1). Sub-plots were for vegetative parts nutrition with
... Show MoreBackground: Dental implant surface technologies have been evolving rapidly to enhance a more rapid bone formation on their surface and improve implant therapy.Implant threads should be designed to increase surface contact areathat induced better stability. In addition, implant surface coating with Flaxseed was used to enhance bone formation at the bone-implant interface. Materials and methods: Ninety-six commercially pure titanium (CpTi) screws were implanted in rabbits' tibiae and divided into three groups as dual-threaded group, flaxseed-coated group and control group. All groups were evaluated mechanically, histologically and radiographically after each healing periods (2, 4, 6 and 8) weeks and the resulting data were statistically analy
... Show MoreIn this study, condensation polymerization was used to synthesize a number of novel liquid crystal polymers with 1,3,4-oxadiazole rings based on melamine. The new synthesized polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical polarization microscopy (OPM) were used to investigate their liquid crystalline properties. The results demonstrated that throughout a wide temperature range, most of the polymers exhibited columnar (CohX) and nematic (N) liquid crystalline phases.
Polycyclicacetal was prepared from the reaction of PEG with aldehyde derived from Erythro-ascorbic acid (pentulosono-ɣ-lactone-2,3-enedianisoate).All these compounds were characterized by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and FTIR spectra and aldehyde was also characterized by (U.V-Vis), 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and mass spectra.The inhibitory effect of prepared polymer on the activity of human serum AcetylCholinesterase has been studied in vitro. The polymer showed a remarkable activity at low concentration (4.7x10-3 – 4.7x10-8M).
The aim of the research is to know the characteristics of both variables in order to be able the to construct the integrated framework of its paragraphs through the available information on both inspirational leadership and organizational health. as fundamental variables of research, as well as the extent of the influence of the inspirational variable as an independent variable in the organizational health variable as a variable in its three physical, mental and social dimensions. The research is important to stimulate the behavior side of the staff. Which is one of the top concerns of senior management in the ministry, because of its great importance in increasing the effectiveness of the performance of e
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The critical success factors of the means of the most modern in determining the main directions for organizations to achieve competitive advantage. and can be a critical success factors in organizations that overlap in the functional areas of the organization. that successful organizations use these factors to get to the uniqueness and distinction. as the entrance of critical success factors with the capacity Evaluative phase correction because discovery increases the perception of managers of what is important to the organization and using them to get to the Strategic Entrepreneurship. as it begins in terms of permanence of success and
... Show MoreAs a reservoir is depleted due to production, pore pressure decreases leading to increased effective stress which causes a reduction in permeability, porosity, and possible pore collapse or compaction. Permeability is a key factor in tight reservoir development; therefore, understanding the loss of permeability in these reservoirs due to depletion is vital for effective reservoir management. The paper presents a case history on a tight carbonate reservoir in Iraq which demonstrates the behavior of rock permeability and porosity as a function of increasing effective stress simulating a depleting mode over given production time. The experimental results show unique models for the decline of permeability and porosity as function effective str
... Show MoreThe paper generates a geological model of a giant Middle East oil reservoir, the model constructed based on the field data of 161 wells. The main aim of the paper was to recognize the value of the reservoir to investigate the feasibility of working on the reservoir modeling prior to the final decision of the investment for further development of this oilfield. Well log, deviation survey, 2D/3D interpreted seismic structural maps, facies, and core test were utilized to construct the developed geological model based on comprehensive interpretation and correlation processes using the PETREL platform. The geological model mainly aims to estimate stock-tank oil initially in place of the reservoir. In addition, three scenarios were applie
... Show MoreNon-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 84% of all lung cancer types diagnosed so far. Every year, regardless of gender, the NSCLC targets many communities worldwide. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a uracil-analog anticancer compound. This drug tends to annihilate multiple tumour cells. But 5-FU's most significant obstacle is that it gets very easily metabolized in the blood, which eventually leads to lower anticancer activity. Therfore a perfect drug delivery system is needed to overcome all the associated challenges.
In this experiment, an attempt was made to prepare 5-FU loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles using solvent evaporation method and subsequently observed the effect of molecular weight of poly l
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