A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is defined as a communication between the left and right ventricles or between the left ventricle and the right atrium. VSDs are amongst the most common abnormalities of the heart. They can be present in isolation or in association with other congenital cardiac abnormalities. This is study done with the aim to evaluate the types, size, associated CHD with ventricular septal defect in children and adolescent in two cardiac centers (Medical City Complex cardiac clinics, Ibn Al Nafaes teaching hospital) in Baghdad - Iraq

      Atopic dermatitis in another word Atopic Eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that effecting all ages, described by lesions of eczematous and acute itch. As the objective of this study for determine the effect of variation in TSLP, IgE, and Eosinophil levels in patients with atopic dermatitis compared with a healthy control group. The level of TSLP was almost the same between the patients and the control group, and the reason was that most of the patients were treated with anti-allergic drugs. In this study, there is a significant (P = 0.004), serum level of TSLP in atopic dermatitis patient’s pre-treatment with immunotherapy (corticosteroids and antihistamines) is compared with atopic dermatitis patients’ post-tr

Background: Diabetes is one of the common and costly chronic health issues and a major cause of morbidity and mortality among other non-communicable diseases. Diabetes patients’ literacy about their diseases is to be addressed as an active factor of the disease outcome.

Objectives: The objectives of the current study were to determine the overall health literacy level among diabetic patients attending the PHC centers and to test the association between the measured health literacy and their glycemic control.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of randomly selected diab

The present study conducted on 30 female patients with osteoarthritis 0A a
attending Baghdad teaching hosp ital, in addition to 30 healthy females , all subjects
were ( 35-65) years old.
Some biochemical parameters were measured in the sera of patients and healthy
group s. The parameters were Glutathione (GSH). Ceruloplasmin (Cp) and some trace
elements ,including Copper (Cu) ,Cu/ Cp ratio and Selenium (Se) were determined . The
results revealed a significant reduction in all parameters of patients sera compared to
healthy group .
The reduction in GSH and Cu/Cp ratio confirms tissue damage associated with
oxidative stress injury
A conclusion was obtained hrer ,that Cu wasn’t an important ele

Summary
Background Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the brain are anomalies affecting different age groups of the population, and predisposing patients to significant neurological disability from stroke, epilepsy, or other clinical manifestations. Noninvasive modalities are revealing these lesions more frequently, and with more accuracy. Previous studies on Iraqi subjects with intracranial AVMs are scarce.
Objectives The aim of the study is to correlate the CT findings of intracranial ATMs with the clinical presentations, anatomic locations, the size, and the predictable origin of the arteries feeding these lesions and their venous drainage.
Patients and Methods The charts and CT scans offifty-four Iraqi patients with an AI

Despite efforts to contain and manage the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak which was declared a public health emergency of international concern in January 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO), the COVID-19 pandemic still remains a major global challenge. Patients who display the classical symptoms of the infection are easily identified, tested, isolated and monitored. However, many cases of infected asymptomatic patients have been documented. These patients are not easily identified even though many evidences suggest that they can spread the virus to others. How and why these COVID-19 asymptomatic presentations occur remain unclear. The many theories and views are conjectural, and supporting evidences are still needed. In this review, we

Vitiligo is an acquired idiopathic skin disorder characterized by depigmented macules due to loss of cutaneous melanocytes. A potential role of the immune dysfunction has been suggested in vitiligo, so to test this hypothesis, certain cytokines (IL-17A and TNF-?) and immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA and total IgE) were investigated in all participants. The study included: 60 patients with age range between (6-55) year; 30(11 males and 19 females) were untreated and 30(12 males and 18 females) were treated with Narrow Band Ultraviolet-B (NB-UVB) and 30 (14 males and 16 females) apparently healthy control. Serum was separated and cytokines (IL-17A and TNF-?) and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) were detected by using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Ass

500 samples of diarrhea stool were collected from different ages(less than 1year –upto30years) and for both genders from some patients in (Alwiya hospital for children, Al-kendi, central health public laboratory and some gavernarated labs) period(1/11/2009—1/10/2010). Kinds of bacteria and parasites agents were isolated and identified from patients with diarrhea. Nine species of gram negative bacteria from enterobacteriaceae were isolated, E. coli isolated are the higher ratio 4.8% of all, then Salmonella typhi4.6% while the lowest ratios is Citrobacterfreundii 0.4%, while the other identified species were be among the previous rotios. also Plesomonasshigelloides was isolated which concedride one of the bacterial local studies.many met

Background: The accumulation of the lipid in the vascular smooth muscle cell within the arterial intima is a key process of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a degenerative disease of blood vessels leading to stroke.
Materials & Methods.One hundred and ten patients with acute stroke were included in this study 88 patients with ischaemic or infarction stroke and 22 patients with hemorrhagic type ) as well as thirty apparently normal healthy subjects as controls.
Results.Triglycerides levels and AI only were statistically significant in ischaemic type of stroke (P<0.005) while other lipid fractions were similar to the control values.
Conclusion: Acute stroke patients (infarction type) had significantly

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a hemodynamic and pathophysiological condition
defined as an increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) ≥25 mmHg at rest as assessed by
right heart catheterization (RHC). Although there is some underestimation and overestimation of PAP
between transthoracic Doppler echo (DE) and RHC, Doppler echo remains an indispensable screening
tool for the assessment of PH.
Objective: clinical evaluation of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) and assess
vasoreactivity testing to identify patients who may benefit from long term therapy with calcium channel
blockers (CCBs).
Patients and methods: This prospective study was performed in the cardiac catheterization