This research presents a method for calculating stress ratio to predict fracture pressure gradient. It also, describes a correlation and list ideas about this correlation. Using the data collected from four wells, which are the deepest in southern Iraqi oil fields (3000 to 6000) m and belonged to four oil fields. These wells are passing through the following formations: Y, Su, G, N, Sa, Al, M, Ad, and B. A correlation method was applied to calculate fracture pressure gradient immediately in terms of both overburden and pore pressure gradient with an accurate results. Based on the results of our previous research , the data were used to calculate and plot the effective stresses. Many equations relating horizontal effective stress and vertical effective stress are obtained for each well and used to calculate fracture pressure gradient. Similar equations are found for group of formations that calculate fracture pressure gradient and to find the most accurate correlation among them
There are varieties of reasons lead for drilling horizontal wells rather than verticals. Increasing the recovery of oil, especially from thin or tight reservoir permeability is the most important parameter. East Baghdad oil field considered as a giant field with approximately more than 1billion barrel of a proved reserves accompanying recently to low production rate problems in many of the existing wells. It is important to say that presence of of horizontal wells in East Baghdad field especially by converting some of already drilled wells by re-entry drilling horizontal sections may provide one of best solutions for the primary development stage in East Baghdad field which may be followed by drilling new horizont
... Show MoreAbstract
The common types of movement disorders are ; dystonia which is a syndrome of repetitive muscle contractions. While , Huntington disease is autosomal dominant progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterized by involuntary movements (“chorea”).
Tetrabenazine therapy has been shown to effectively control this movements compared with placebo.
Design the proper dosing approach for patients treated with tetrabenazine with genotype polymorphisms and their hepatic effect on patients.
A prospective case controlled study was carried on 50 patients whom divided into 2 groups :first group involved 25 patients who had cho
... Show MoreIn this paper an improved weighted 0-1 knapsack method (WKM) is proposed to optimize the resource allocation process when the sum of items' weight exceeds the knapsack total capacity .The improved method depends on a modified weight for each item to ensure the allocation of the required resources for all the involved items. The results of the improved WKM are compared to the traditional 0-1 Knapsack Problem (KP). The proposed method dominates on the other one in term of the total optimal solution value of the knapsack .
This paper proposes a new method to tune a fractional order PID controller. This method utilizes both the analytic and numeric approach to determine the controller parameters. The control design specifications that must be achieved by the control system are gain crossover frequency, phase margin, and peak magnitude at the resonant frequency, where the latter is a new design specification suggested by this paper. These specifications results in three equations in five unknown variables. Assuming that certain relations exist between two variables and discretizing one of them, a performance index can be evaluated and the optimal controller parameters that minimize this performance index are selected. As a case study, a thir
... Show MoreIn this study, we propose a suitable solution for a non-linear system of ordinary differential equations (ODE) of the first order with the initial value problems (IVP) that contains multi variables and multi-parameters with missing real data. To solve the mentioned system, a new modified numerical simulation method is created for the first time which is called Mean Latin Hypercube Runge-Kutta (MLHRK). This method can be obtained by combining the Runge-Kutta (RK) method with the statistical simulation procedure which is the Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) method. The present work is applied to the influenza epidemic model in Australia in 1919 for a previous study. The comparison between the numerical and numerical simulation res
... Show MoreThis paper proposes a new method to tune a fractional order PID controller. This method utilizes both the analytic and numeric approach to determine the controller parameters. The control design specifications that must be achieved by the control system are gain crossover frequency, phase margin, and peak magnitude at the resonant frequency, where the latter is a new design specification suggested by this paper. These specifications results in three equations in five unknown variables. Assuming that certain relations exist between two variables and discretizing one of them, a performance index can be evaluated and the optimal controller parameters that minimize this performance index are selected. As a case study, a third order linear time
... Show MoreIn this paper Heun method has been used to find numerical solution for first order nonlinear functional differential equation. Moreover, this method has been modified in order to treat system of nonlinear functional differential equations .two numerical examples are given for conciliated the results of this method.
Construction projects have become a changing dramatically in recent decades and that the goal of the beneficiaries of the implementation of structural project is to complete the work with less time and within the cost of the specific and the best possible quality may sometimes happen that highlights the importance of time on the rest of the items at the implementation of projects for various reasons, including the need to use the project as soon as possible possible change rapidly to customer's requests, but the high cost of the project represents the biggest obstacle for entrepreneurs with its effects on the quality and the time workers, and is a measure of those elements in monetary terms is the key to integration between them, so the
... Show MoreBackground: University dental students perceived a higher level of stress prior to the final exam associated with raised salivary alpha-amylase levels which could be considered as a useful noninvasive biomarker for measuring acute stress. Using a Helkimo anamnestic and clinical dysfunction scoring for temporomandibular disorders can give a better insight about the association of this marker and temporomandibular disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluation level of salivary alpha-amylase in stressor students with temporomandibular disorders and the relation between the marker in relation to temporomandibular disorders severity. This might give a better understanding to the role of psychological stress as an etiological factor for deve
... Show More