Lyophilized bromelain enzyme was obtained from the Department of Food Sciences, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad. Some properties of the enzyme were determined, the optimum temperature and pH for activity and stability, as it used a range of graduated temperatures from 25 °C to 85 °C, as well as a range of pH degrees from 4 to 9. The results showed that the best pH for activity was 7, as it reached the enzymatic activity was 42.3 units/ml, and the best pH range for stability was 7-5. The best temperature for the activity was 45°C, as the enzymatic activity reached 59.3 units/ml, and the enzyme retained its full activity after being incubated at a temperature of 25 - 45 °C. The anti-browning enzyme activity was tested by using apple juice by adding graded concentrations of the enzyme of 15, 30, 45, and 60 mg/ml of bromelain enzyme. It was found that bromelain has the ability to reduce the amount of enzymatic browning, as the absorbance reached 0.987, 0.973, 0.891, 0.831, and 0.817 at zero time, and after 30 minutes the absorbance reached 1.315, 1.243, 1.132, 1.124, and 1.113, but after 60 minutes, the absorbance reached 1.412 And 1.312, 1.192, 1.133, and 1.124, and after 90 minutes it reached 1.623, 1.378, 1.211, 1.157, and 1.135, to reach after 120 minutes to 1.858, 1.416, 1.243, 1.182, 1.182, and 1.14 for the control treatment, the first treatment (15 mg enzyme/ml), the second treatment (30 mg enzyme/ml), the third treatment (45 mg enzyme/ml) and the fourth treatment (60 mg enzyme/ml), respectively. The ability of the bromelain enzyme to inhibit the growth of some types of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was studied, with an antibacterial effect, as the diameters of the inhibition zones were 4.91, 6.55, 12.85, and 2.8 mm for Staphylococcus aureus, B. cereus, E. coli, and Salmonella, respectively, when using the concentration of 15 mg/ml of bromelain enzyme, but when using 30 mg/ml, the diameters of the inhibition zones were 7.05, 8.5, 13.85, and 6.85 mm, respectively.
In the present study, chalcone derivatives were synthesized via the Claisen-Schmidt condensation of 2-methyl acetanilide or 4-nitro acetanilide with p-dimethyl amino benzaldehyde in an ethanolic sodium hydroxide solution. The resulting chalcone reacted with urea or thiourea to produce several novel pyrimidine derivatives. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR and 13CNMR spectroscopy. Before the synthesis process, molecular docking studies were performed to evaluate the potential of the synthesized molecules as drug candidates. Thus, molecular docking studies were performed using the CCDC GOLD suite (version 2025). The molecular docking results showed that the synthesized molecules had a noticeable affinity towards
... Show MoreThe aim of this study is to evaluate the anti fungal activity of a combination of essential oils against water molds. HPLC analysis was done to evaluate the quantity and quality of the active compounds in this combination which extracted from three herbs( Peppermint Menthapiperita ,Thyme Thymusvulgaris, Common sage Salvia officinalis L.) and the active compounds are Camphor,Menthol,,Thujone and Thymol with different concentrations. In this study (MIC) , (MFC) were measured and (LD50) determined after 48,96 h from fingerlings treatment of common carp in aquariums .The results of (MIC) were 0.025µl/ml for Aphanomyces sp. and 0.015µl/ml for both Achlya sp. and Fusariumsolani which showed significant differences(p<0.05) from Malachite gre
... Show MoreThe present study was set to demonstrate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis infection and its effects on patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) through determining their serum levels of anti-dsDNA and IL-18 antibodies. For this purpose, the sera from 132 SLE and/or toxoplasmosis patients and 30 healthy women, were collected. The study sample was divided into four groups of SLE, toxoplasmosis, SLE coinfected with toxoplasmosis, and healthy control. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies were examined for all the samples using ELISA kit. The results showed a high mean level of anti-Toxoplasma IgG among SLE patients coinfected with toxoplasmosis (104.8792±12.31585pg/ml) in comparison to that in toxoplasmosis patients (91.1705±12.577
... Show Morethe use of diffrent concectration of Na and Mg ions were shown to causes in increase in the bindings at oncentration
The antiphytopathogenic effects of the crude methanol extract of Cladophora glomerata (Lin.) Kützing (Cladophoraceae) which isolated from Al Rashidiya region at north of Baghdad was investigated against two type of plant fungi (Pythium altimum and Rhizoctonia solani) which causes damping off disease where isolated from covered cucumber field in Al-Alyosifia region. Hot methanol extract showed antifungal activity against the two species of fungi in different concentrations(10,25,50 mg/ml) of extract to Cladophora glomerata as percentage inhibition (51.63 ,72.8 ,83.71) and (56.18 ,77.41 ,100)comparing with Pythium altimum and Rhizoctonia solani respectively .primary detection of active compounds showed that macroalgae (Cladoph
... Show MoreIn this paper the definition of fuzzy anti-normed linear spaces and its basic properties are used to prove some properties of a finite dimensional fuzzy anti-normed linear space.
Abstract
This research aims to study and improve the passivating specifications of rubber resistant to vibration. In this paper, seven different rubber recipes were prepared based on mixtures of natural rubber(NR) as an essential part in addition to the synthetic rubber (IIR, BRcis, SBR, CR)with different rates. Mechanical tests such as tensile strength, hardness, friction, resistance to compression, fatigue and creep testing in addition to the rheological test were performed. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)test was used to examine the structure morphology of rubber. After studying and analyzing the results, we found that, recipe containing (BRcis) of 40% from th
... Show MoreBackground: The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilliin burn wound infections related to biofilm formation, which lend to challenge in treatment with conventional antibiotics andprompting to search for novel antimicrobial agents to control the infections.Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have wide spectrum biological properties with different mechanisms of action and less toxicity towards human cells.
Objective:The goal of this study was to evaluated the anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities of AgNPs alone and in combination with aminoglycoside (Amikacin) and β-lactam (Ampicillin) antibiotics against multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacilli (Pseudomonas aeruginos
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