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Citric Acid Production Using Wheat Bran by <i>Aspergillus niger</i>
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This study aimed to obtain a local isolation of Aspergillus niger and then studied its ability to produce citric acid from raw materials available locally using solid state fermentation. Six local isolates were collected from different sources including some samples of the damaged fruits such as grapefruit, oranges and sindi. Wheat bran was used as a raw material or as culture medium for the production of citric acid from the collected isolates. The conditions for citric acid production were determined by humidity percentage of 1: 1 (water: culture medium), temperature of 28 C, pH 4 and inoculum dose with 5× 106 spore/ml and for 3 days of incubation. The orange was the best model for citric acid production with a concentration of 12.8 mg/ml. In this study the citric acid was diagnosed by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique, and it was found that the concentration of citric acid after three days of incubation was 3.662 mg/ml

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2010
Journal Name
Food Chemistry
Determination of aflatoxins in animal feeds by HPLC with multifunctional column clean-up
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A reversed-phase HPLC method with fluorescence detection for the determination of the aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in 42 animal feeds, comprising corn (16), soya bean meal (8), mixed meal (13), sunflower, wheat, canola, palm kernel, copra meals (1 each) was carried out. The samples were first extracted using acetonitrile:water (9:1), and was further cleaned-up using a multifunctional column. Optimum conditions for the extraction and chromatographic separation were investigated. By adopting an isocratic chromatographic system using a mobile phase comprising acetonitrile:methanol:water (8:27:65, v/v/v), the separation of the four aflatoxins was possible within 30 min. Recoveries for aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 were 98 ± 0.7%, 95 ± 1.0%, 94

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 01 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Antibacterial and morphological properties of polypyrrole/silver nanocomposites synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization
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Polypyrrole/silver (PPy/Ag) nanocomposites was synthesized via a chemical oxidative method. The AFM analysis is performed to study the surface roughness, morphology and size distribution of the PPy particles and PPy-ag nanocomposites. The results indicated that as the concentration of Ag in the nanocomposite increases, the roughness also increases. The size of nanoparticles was also evaluated and found in the range of 15 nm to 125 nm. The PPy/Ag nanocomposites exhibited an effectiveness against Gram-negative Escherichia coli showing an inhibition zone of 4mm and displayed poor efficacy against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Based on given adequate antibacterial characteristics of PPy/Ag nanocomposites, it can be identified as a pro

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 30 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Hydrodesulfurization of Iraqi Atmospheric Gasoil by Ti-Ni-Mo/γ-Al2O3 Prepared Catalyst
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This study investigates the improvement of Iraqi atmospheric gas oil characteristics which contains 1.402 wt. % sulfur content and 16.88 wt. % aromatic content supplied from Al-Dura Refinery by using hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process using Ti-Ni-Mo/γ-Al2O3 prepared catalyst in order to achieve low sulfur and aromatic saturation gas oil. Hydrodearomatization (HDA) occurs simultaneously with hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process. The effect of titanium on the conventional catalyst Ni-Mo/γ-Al2O3 was investigated by physical adsorption and catalytic activity test. Ti-Ni-Mo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared under vacuum impregnation condition to ensure efficient precipitation of metals within the carrier γ-Al2O3. The loading percentage of met

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Publication Date
Thu May 04 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Communicable Diseases
Enhancement of Swarming and Inhibition of Prodigiosin in Serratia marcescens by Glyceryl Trinitrate
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Introduction:Serratia marcescens is a gram-negative pathogen of many species. Its pathogenicity and survival are linked to its capacity to build biofilms as well as its strong inherent resistance to antimicrobials and cleaning agents. Objectives: To analyse the impact of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) on the gene expression of QS-related genes (rssB, rsmA,and pigP) of S. marcescens. Methodology: The broth microdilution technique estimated the bactericidal effectiveness of glyceryl trinitrate. The presence of rssB, rsmA,and pigP in S. marcescens isolates was detected using PCR. qRT-PCR was used to assess the effect of GTN on rssB, rsmA,and pigPgene expression. Results: The results demonstrated that GTN has no effect on S. marcesce

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 01 2022
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Monitoring the Water Quality of Tigris River by Applied Overall Index of Pollution
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Abstract<p>The alteration in the hydrological regime in Iraq and the anthropogenic increasing effect on water quality of a lotic ecosystems needs to continuous monitoring. This work is done to assess the water quality of Tigris River within Baghdad City. Five sites were selected along the river and ten physicochemical parameters and Overall Index of Pollution (OIP) were applied to assess the water quality for the period between November 2020 and May 2021, the studied period were divided into dry and wet seasons. These parameters were water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total hardness, alkalinity, turbidity, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, electrical co</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sun Mar 15 2020
Journal Name
Al-academy
The Image of Woman by the Artist Jaber Alwan: احلام عبد الستار شنين
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The woman represents an existential dualism with the man along history. This existence has been manifested through the history of Art starting from the arts of the old civilizations until modernism. It must be said that the history of Art refers to her presence as an extension for this history in the oriental arts, and the Arab countries including Iraq.  The woman has varying outputs in terms of the content of her presence and the style of presentation. In her characterizations: maternity, fertility, femininity and others. The Iraqi artists adopted these fields among them the artist Jaber Alwan who formulated his style of presentation and its units depending on the feminine presence and his experience in her formal and stylistic fie

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 08 2021
Journal Name
J. Inf. Hiding Multim. Signal Process.
Predication of Most Significant Features in Medical Image by Utilized CNN and Heatmap.
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The growth of developments in machine learning, the image processing methods along with availability of the medical imaging data are taking a big increase in the utilization of machine learning strategies in the medical area. The utilization of neural networks, mainly, in recent days, the convolutional neural networks (CNN), have powerful descriptors for computer added diagnosis systems. Even so, there are several issues when work with medical images in which many of medical images possess a low-quality noise-to-signal (NSR) ratio compared to scenes obtained with a digital camera, that generally qualified a confusingly low spatial resolution and tends to make the contrast between different tissues of body are very low and it difficult to co

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 21 2012
Journal Name
Open Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynecology
Evaluation of thalamus echogenicity by ultrasound as a marker of fetal lung maturity
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Publication Date
Tue Jan 08 2019
Journal Name
Lubricants
Influence of Sample Mixing Techniques on Engine Oil Contamination Analysis by Infrared Spectroscopy
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For the most reliable and reproducible results for calibration or general testing purposes of two immiscible liquids, such as water in engine oil, good emulsification is vital. This study explores the impact of emulsion quality on the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy calibration standards for measuring water contamination in used or in-service engine oil, in an attempt to strengthen the specific guidelines of ASTM International standards for sample preparation. By using different emulsification techniques and readily available laboratory equipment, this work is an attempt to establish the ideal sample preparation technique for reliability, repeatability, and reproducibility for FT-IR analysis while still considering t

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 03 2016
Journal Name
International Journal Of Civil Engineering
Development of Excess Pore Water Pressure around Piles Excited by Pure Vertical Vibration
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