A novel encapsulated deep eutectic solvent (DES) was introduced for biodiesel production via a two-step process. The DES was encapsulated in medical capsules and were used to reduce the free fatty acid (FFA) content of acidic crude palm oil (ACPO) to the minimum acceptable level (< 1%). The DES was synthesized from methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (MTPB) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA). The effects pertaining to different operating conditions such as capsule dosage, reaction time, molar ratio, and reaction temperature were optimized. The FFA content of ACPO was reduced from existing 9.61% to less than 1% under optimum operating conditions. This indicated that encapsulated MTPB-DES performed high catalytic activity in FFA esterification reaction and showed considerable activity even after four consecutive recycling runs. The produced biodiesel after acid esterification and alkaline transesterification met the EN14214 international biodiesel standard specifications. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to introduce an acidic catalyst in capsule form. This method presents a new route for the safe storage of new materials to be used for biofuel production. Conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) representation of the DES using σ-profile and σ-potential graphs indicated that MTPB and PTSA is a compatible combination due to the balanced presence and affinity towards hydrogen bond donor and hydrogen bond acceptor in each constituent.
Reprehensible during the period of human life ,particular in child hood and after weaning
baby,analmeating habits have acquired his remaining life time and here high Iights,the role of
the mother in the childs education,dietar habits, and health methods and what is beneficial to
his health and in sufficien quantities for the baby .brooze trails are learned by the childin the
home with animportant and significant role in the future,inacht.aaralgame course wisely,after
becoming more in dependent in its delision-making an choices beyond the control of parents.
The present study aimed to message measure the awareness of food the mother and her role in
the development of food awareness sons, and its relation ship with som
In this paper we study the effect of the number of training samples for Artificial neural networks ( ANN ) which is necessary for training process of feed forward neural network .Also we design 5 Ann's and train 41 Ann's which illustrate how good the training samples that represent the actual function for Ann's.
Background: Abdominoplasty is one of the commonest surgical procedures that performed for those patients who had skin laxity, strive and muscle rectur diastasis. Combined using of liposuction and abdominoplasty it can give better result than traditional abdominoplasty with fear complications. Patient and Method: A total number of 25 female patients with age ranging between 27-55 years were underwent lipoabdominoplasty. With extensive liposuction of abdominal wall and selective undermining together with muscle plication. All of our patients had body mass index more than 30. Patients satisfaction and complication were documented postoperatively. Result: All of our patients had no Major complications and the postoperative period passed unevent
... Show MoreThere is an increasing interest in the use of plant extracts as therapeutic agents, particularly their capacity to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. In this study antibacterial effect of Malva sylvestris, Anastatica hierochuntica and Vitis vinifera leaves extracts were evaluated against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis. The in vitro antibacterial activity was performed using agar well diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by microtitration technique. The result indicated that the extract of V. vinifera leaves inhibited with the growth of gram-positive bacteria, as well as gram-negative bacteria while the extract
... Show MoreFive serological methods for detection of Brucella were compaired in this study, Four of the methods are commonely used in the detections:- 1-Rose-Bengal: as primary screening test which depends on detecting antibodies in the blood serum. 2-IFAT: which detects IgG and IgM antibodies in the serum. 3-ELISA test: which detects IgG antibodies in the serum. 4-2ME test: which detects IgG antibodies The fifth methods. It was developed by a reasercher in one of the health centers in Baghdad. It was given the name of spot Immune Assay (SIA). Results declares that among (100) samples of patients blood, 76, 49, 49, 37, and 28. samples were positive to Rose Bengal, ELISA, SIA, 2ME and IFAT tests, respectively. When efficiency, sensitivity and specific
... Show MoreIn this research, the preparation of a chemically activated carbon from date stones by using electric and microwave assisted K2CO3 activation was studied. The effect of radiation power, radiation time, and impregnation ratio on the yield and Iodine number on the activated carbons was investigated. The activated carbon characterizations were examined by its surface area, pore structure analysis, bulk density, moisture content, ash content, iodine number, FTIR, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption capacity was also studied by adsorption of fluoroquinolones antibiotics, CIP, NOR, and LEVO, by the prepared activated carbon.
... Show MoreThe operation and management of water resources projects have direct and significant effects on the optimum use of water. Artificial intelligence techniques are a new tool used to help in making optimized decisions, based on knowledge bases in the planning, implementation, operation and management of projects as well as controlling flowing water quantities to prevent flooding and storage of excess water and use it during drought.
In this research, an Expert System was designed for operating and managing the system of AthTharthar Lake (ESSTAR). It was applied for all expected conditions of flow, including the cases of drought, normal flow, and during floods. Moreover, the cases of hypothetical op
... Show MoreA novel mixed natural coagulant has been developed to remove sewage pollutants and heavy metals from Qanat- al- Jayesh by using low cost adsorbent natural materials. In these materials, significant interaction contains Arabic gum mixed with extracted silica from rice husk ash (natural coagulants) by the Batch device approach, using two variables, pH values ranging from 5-8 and contact times between 0.25-5 hrs. All wastewater samples were collected after treatment by adsorbents and examined for determination of residual heavy metal concentrations: Pb, Ni, Zn and Cu by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), turbidity, pH, total dissolved salts (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC) and total salinity (TS). The results obtained indicate Th
... Show MoreThe largest use of x-ray in medical by dentists, employers or persons that needed by patients with specific conditions, lead to higher exposure of x-ray that may cause many diseases. In the present work radiography films have been used in evaluating the efficiency of using unsaturated polyester polymer reinforced with lead oxide (PbO) as shield material for medical x-ray devices, many parameters studied like concentration and thickness that they are increasing the attenuation of x-ray in them. The results show that the attenuation of X-ray increasing with concentration of reinforced material and with thickness, and the optical density decreases with increasing concentration from 0% to 50%, we chose 30% as suitable concentration to increase
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