Nosocomial infections are one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity in hospitals. These are major public health problems worldwide, but particularly in developing countries. The purpose of this research was to analyze the frequency of the microorganisms in the specimens taken from the surgical wounds, and to examine antimicrobial susceptibility for some isolates . Wound swabs were examined from June 2010 to January 2011. The isolates were identified by conventional methods, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per NCCLS guidelines.A total of 102 wound swabs were examined 22(21.56%) swabs were sterile and 80(78.43%) were positive for microorganisms. The results showed

      The study included 200 samples were collected   from   children  under two   years included (50 samples from each of Cerebrospinal fluid, Blood, Stool and Urine) from, Central Children Hospital and Children's Protections Educational Hospital. Isolates bacterial were obtained cultural, microscopic and biochemical examination and diagnosed to the species by using vitek2 system. The results showed there were contamination in 6.5% of clinical samples. The diagnosed colonies which gave pink color on the MacConkey agar , golden yellow color on the Trypton Soy agar and green color on the Birillent Enterobacter sakazakii agar and gave  a probability of 99% in the vit

Thirty nine (12.8%) isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from 304 healthy human (Nasal swabs). It was found that percentage of males that have S. aureus is more than female's percentage. These isolates (39) were tested with different tests. Twenty seven isolates (69.23 %) were positive for Staphylococcus protein —A (SPA) ,thirty seven ( 94.8 %) were positive for tube coagulase , thirty five ( 89.7 % ) were positive with clumping factor and thirty two ( 82.05 %) had 13 — hemolytic on blood agar. It was found that 100% of the isolates (39 isolates) were positive with one, two or three tests (tube coagulase, clumping factor and SPA).

In this study, we investigated the prevalence of aminoglycosides modifying enzymes (AMEs)-encoding genes, including aac(3′)-ΙΙ, ant(3′′)-Ι, aph(3′)-VΙ, and aac(6′)-Ιb-cr and their potential effect on the development of resistance to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. According to the phenotypic and biochemical characteristics of 150 clinical samples, 50 (33%) isolates were identified as K. pneumoniae. These isolates were collected from different clinical sources, including urine (15, 30%), blood (12, 24%), sputum (9, 18%), wounds (9, 18%), and burns (5, 10%). The minimum inhibitory conce

A new Schiff base (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl methanimine (6R,7R)-3-methyl-8-oxo-7-(2-phenylpropanamido)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate=HL=C29H24ClN3O4S) has been synthesized from β-lactam antibiotic (cephalexin mono hydrate (CephH)=(C16H19N3O5S.H2O) and 4- chlorobenzophenone. Metal mixed ligand complexes of the Schiff base were prepared from chloride salt of Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II), in 50% (v/v) ethanol – water medium in aqueous ethanol(1:1) and Saccharin(C7H5NO3S) containing sodium hydroxide. Several physical tools in particular; IR, C:H:N , 1H NMR,13C NMR for ligand, melting point, molar conductance, magnetic moment. and determination of the percentage of the metal in the complexes by flame(AAS

new Schiff base 4-chlorophenyl)methanimine (6R,7R)-3-methyl-8-oxo-7-(2-phenylpropanamido)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate= (HL)= C23H20 ClN3O4S) has been synthesized from β-lactam antibiotic (cephalexin mono hydrate(CephH)=(C16H19N3O5S.H2O) and 4-chlorobenzaldehyde . Figure(1) Metal mixed ligand complexes of the Schiff base were prepared from chloride salt of Fe(II),Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II),Zn(II) and Cd (II), in 50% (v/v) ethanol –water medium (SacH ) .in aqueous ethanol(1:1) containing and Saccharin(C7H5NO3S) = sodium hydroxide. Several physical tools in particular; IR, CHN, 1H NMR, 13C NMR for ligand and melting point molar conductance, magnetic moment. and determination the percentage of the metal in the complexes by fl

The use of antibiotics without prescription (self-medication) is growing globally and is associated with increased bacterial resistance, ineffective treatment and adverse reactions. This study aimed at assessing the practice of antibiotic self-medication in the Iraqi population. A cross-sectional study design was adopted in this work. The sample was comprised of 303 staff members from the non-medical colleges in Iraq. An online questionnaire was distributed between the 29^th of June to the 14^th of September 2021 to collect data including socio-demographic characteristics and questions about antibiotic self-medication. Most of the participants had a university degree and a moderate monthly income. The majority (88%) h

The increasing use of antiseptic compounds creates selective pressure cause emergence of antiseptic resistance among Staphylococcus aureus .Resistance mechanism of antiseptic is driven mainly by multi drug resistant (MDR) efflux protein.Sixty five isolates of S.aureuswere collected from different clinical sources and subjected to 11 antibiotics most of them are recognized by efflux systems as extruded substrates. Range of efflux activity was estimated using cartwheel method. Simultaneous discrimination of antiseptic coding genes (qacA/B, smr and norA)as well as nuc and mecA genes among multidrug resistantS.aureus(MRSA) isolates was preformed using multiplex PCR assay

Pseudomonas putidaPST-1 isolate isolated from soil of plant root was used for high production of indole acetic acid. Indole acetic acid (IAA) production is a major property of rhizosphere bacteria that stimulate and facilitate plant growth. Optimization of indole acetic acid production was carried out at different cultural conditions of pH temperature, incubation period, and the amount of inoculum of bacteria. The best chemical medium for high IAA production (82 Mg/ml) was Luria-Bertani broth medium consisted of 1.2gm tryptophan and 10gm peptone in their components, while the cheese whey medium was the best natural medium for IAA production was (66 Mg/ml). IAA production byPseudomonas putida PST-1 was optimized by studying some factors t