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Expression of programmed death ligand 1 in patients with triple‑negative breast cancer: Association with clinicopathological parameters
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The utilization of targeted therapy for programmed death ligand 1 (PD‑L1) has emerged as a prominent focus in contemporary clinical trials, particularly in the context of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The prognostic significance of the expression of PD‑L1 in invasive mammary cancer remains a subject of discussion in clinical oncology, requiring further exploration, despite its recognition as a biomarker for responsiveness to anti‑PDL1 immunotherapy. The present study was conducted to investigate the immunohistological expression of PD‑L1 in women with triple‑negative breast cancer (TNBC), with a particular focus for searching for the associated clinical and pathological characteristics. The present retrospective study examined the immunohistochemical expression of PD‑L1 in 40 formalin‑fixed paraffin‑embedded blocks provided by core needle biopsies from women with TNBC. Data analysis was performed by comparing PDL1 expression with histological grade, the presence or the absence of calcification, the presence or the absence of necrosis and axillary lymph node status at presentation. The positivity of PD‑L1 expression was found in 24 (60%) of the total number of samples. The mean number of PD‑L1 positive samples was 37.8333±21.857. There was a non‑statistically significant association between PD‑L1 positivity, histological grade and the presence of tissue necrosis. A statistically significant association was found between PD‑L1 positivity and the presence of calcification and positive axillary lymph node status at presentation. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that PD‑L1 expression is present at a relatively high prevalence rate in TNBC; thus, it is rational to examine PD‑L1 expression in women with TNBC.

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 03 2018
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Influence of Lead Exposure in the Expression of Calmodulin – Related Genes: A Preliminary Study on Workers Working in Industry of Batteries, In Iraq
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Most pathological effects of lead on the body are due to ability of lead to bind with important cellular molecules of various tissues and organs leading to formation abnormal molecules and thus to emergence of pathological conditions. To evaluation the risk to the health status of Iraqi workers who work in the batteries industry, expression of three types of calmodulin related genes were examined. Blood samples were collected from worker working in Iraqi industry of batteries (located in Al-Waziriya), then RNAs extraction were done thereby gene expression for Calcium/Calmodulin- dependent protein kinase2 (CaMKK2), C-X-C Chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 6 (MAP2K6) was done for each sample by using RT-q

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 18 2016
Journal Name
Open Journal Of Biophysics
Structural and Characteristics of Manganese Doped Zinc Sulfide Nanoparticles and Its Antibacterial Effect against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria
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The Manganese doped zinc sulfide nanoparticles of the cubic zinc blende structure with the average crystallite size of about 3.56 nm were synthesized using a coprecipitation method using Thioglycolic Acid as an external capping agent for surface modification. The ZnS:Mn2+ nanoparticles of diameter 3.56 nm were manufactured through using inexpensive precursors in an efficient and eco-friendly way. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy are used to examine the structure, morphology and chemical composition of the nanoparticles. The antimicrobial activity of (ZnS:Mn2+) nanocrystals was investigated by measuring the diameter of inhibition zone using well diffusion mechanism

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Antimicrobial Effect of Eco- Friendly Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis by Iraqi Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) on Gram-Negative Biofilm-Forming Bacteria
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Date palm silver nanoparticles are a green synthesis method used as antibacterial agents. Today,
there is a considerable interest in it because it is safe, nontoxic, low costly and ecofriendly. Biofilm bacteria
existing in marketed local milk is at highly risk on population health and may be life-threatening as most
biofilm-forming bacteria are multidrug resistance. The goal of current study is to eradicate biofilm-forming
bacteria by alternative treatment green synthesis silver nanoparticles. The biofilm formation by bacterial
isolates was detected by Congo red method. The silver nanoparticles were prepared from date palm
(khestawy) fruit extract. The formed nanoparticles were characterized with UV-Vis

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 18 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Immunohistochemical expression of HOXA1, and Ki-67 proteins of oral squamous cell carcinoma
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Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity and constitutes a major health problem in developing. In the last 30 years, the 5-year survival rate of patients with oral SCC has not improved despite advance in diagnostic techniques. To improve early diagnosis for this deadly disease, new biological markers are needed. HOX genes encode homeodomain-containing transcription factors involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation during embryogenesis. HOX gene expression has been described in several adult tissues, where they performed important roles in maintaining homeostasis. Few studies have suggested that HOXA1 plays a role in tumorigenesis. Besides bein

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 02 2012
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
EFFECT OF REPLACING COW MILK WITH WHEY
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The objective of study is to investigate the effect of using of Whey – Extracted Soyamilk indifferent Proportions instead of Cow s milk on Standing Height of Muffin of 5.5 cm. was reached in the treatment C ( 50% Whey – Extracted Soyamilk ) as compared with a Control treatment A (0% Whey – Extracted Soyamilk) at which the Muffin height reached 4.8 cm. About the sensory evaluation , The results showed for the Flavour property , to a significant difference was found between the treatment A (0% whey – Extracted Soyamilk ) which got 6.2 degree as compared with the two treatments namely , D(75% Whey – Extracted Soyamilk) and E(100% Whey – Extracted Soyamilk) Which got 5.7 and 5.3 degree , respectively. For Ge

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Nano composites of PAM Reinforced with Al2O3
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         The aim of this investigation is to determine how different weight percentages of alumina nanoparticles, including 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 percent wt, affect the physical characteristics of Poly Acrylamide (PAAM). Using a hot plate magnetic stirrer, 10 g of poly acrylamide powder was dissolved in 90 g of di-ionized distillate water for 4 hours to produce PAAM with a concentration of 0.11 g/ml. Four sections of the resulting solution, each with a volume of 20 ml, were created. Each solution was added independently with alumina nanoparticles in different ratios 0.0, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 to create four nano fluid solutions with different alumina nanoparticle contents based on each weight percent. The hand casting process for n

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 11 2022
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Judgment of the judge with his knowledge
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The summery of my research marked by the judges judgment with his knowledge, I dealt with the definition of the judiciary, linguistically and idiomatically, and the importance and ligitimcy of the judiciary, as the judiciary is one of the most importunt pillars of lslam,inwhich justice as it proves the truth to its owners.

 

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2017
Journal Name
Research Journal Of Applied Sciences
interaction of alpha particles with Overy tissue
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Nuclear medicine is important for both diagnosis and treatment. The most common treatment for diseases is radiation therapy used against cancer. The radiation intensity of the treatment is often less than its ability to cause damage, so radiation must be carefully controlled. The interactions of alpha particle with matter were studied and the stopping powers of alpha particle with ovary tissue were calculated using Beth-Bloch equation, Zeigler’s formula and SRIM Software also the range and Liner Energy Transfer (LET) and ovary thickness as well as dose and dose equivalent for this particle were calculated by using Matlab language for (0.01-200) MeV alpha energy.

Publication Date
Mon Feb 21 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Pure And Applied Microbiology
Microbiological Identification of Bacteria with Leukemic Children
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The most common form of childhood cancer is leukemia, Calculation for more than one third of all childhood cancers among those ages 1 day – 14 years. The diseases of leukemia are worldwide, it occurred in both genders from male and females and in all age. A total of 80 different samples of patient children were collected from the central teaching hospital of pediatric in Baghdad. Obtained during the period from 1st Sept. 2019 till the 31 th of Aug. 2020. Each isolates identification by using Vitek 2. Isolated organism in leukemic children show 18 (22.5 %) gram positive and 62 (77.5 %) gram negative from the total sample 80 (100.0 %). The percent of male is 45 more than female which represents 35 in most age groups between age (1 d

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Mesenchymal and stemness transdifferentiation via in-vitro infection of T24 cell line with Klebsiella pneumoniae
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Klebsiella pneumoniae has been found in the urinary tract of some bladder cancer patients. Bacterial presence within tumor tissue may affect the tumor-microenvironment and consequently influence cancer behavior, development, and treatment response. This study investigated mesenchymal and stemness transdifferentiation of bladder cancer cell line due to environmental stress of K. pneumoniae. Cultures of urothelial bladder cancer cell line (T24) were infected with K. pneumoniae with different multiplicity of infection (MOI) for two and four days. Transdifferentiation-associated features were morphologically assessed.

Moreover, transdifferentiation markers were estimated using Q-PCR and immunohistoc

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