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Expression of programmed death ligand 1 in patients with triple‑negative breast cancer: Association with clinicopathological parameters
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The utilization of targeted therapy for programmed death ligand 1 (PD‑L1) has emerged as a prominent focus in contemporary clinical trials, particularly in the context of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The prognostic significance of the expression of PD‑L1 in invasive mammary cancer remains a subject of discussion in clinical oncology, requiring further exploration, despite its recognition as a biomarker for responsiveness to anti‑PDL1 immunotherapy. The present study was conducted to investigate the immunohistological expression of PD‑L1 in women with triple‑negative breast cancer (TNBC), with a particular focus for searching for the associated clinical and pathological characteristics. The present retrospective study examined the immunohistochemical expression of PD‑L1 in 40 formalin‑fixed paraffin‑embedded blocks provided by core needle biopsies from women with TNBC. Data analysis was performed by comparing PDL1 expression with histological grade, the presence or the absence of calcification, the presence or the absence of necrosis and axillary lymph node status at presentation. The positivity of PD‑L1 expression was found in 24 (60%) of the total number of samples. The mean number of PD‑L1 positive samples was 37.8333±21.857. There was a non‑statistically significant association between PD‑L1 positivity, histological grade and the presence of tissue necrosis. A statistically significant association was found between PD‑L1 positivity and the presence of calcification and positive axillary lymph node status at presentation. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that PD‑L1 expression is present at a relatively high prevalence rate in TNBC; thus, it is rational to examine PD‑L1 expression in women with TNBC.

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 02 2012
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Benzoic acid concentration levels recovery in Ketchup and Sauce products available in local market.
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This research is dealing with five sample of tomato ketchup products available in local market that were respectively as follows: Hello-Baghdad Iraq, Tiffany-Abu Dhabi, Melody-Dubai, Baidar-Saudi Arabia, and Altunsa-Turkey. Also it is dealing with four sample of sauce products available in local market that were respectively as follows: Hello-Baghdad, Iraq, Al-Badawi-Baghdad Iraq, Family-Baghdad, Iraq, and Hala-Amman Jordon. Analysis was performed on each sample three times and mean of the reading was taking. Samples were tested through terse and shorthand from lengthened steps. The spectrophotometric method used rely on theoretical and practical bases in extraction and diagnosis by UV spectrophotometer. This method in short notes, consiste

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The important political development in democracy Congo: The important political development in democracy Congo
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Abstract
The study which carried( The important political development in
democracy Congo).initially deals with The important political events in African
country democracy Congo which know tow political period , and this study
divided tow chapter to expend these periods , the first chapter subject was the
period of mobotow 1965- 1997 . while the second chapter subject was abo

democracy Congo under the rule of loran cabeela who's comes to the rules of
the African country after he lead military movement agents' mobotow .
but the study have aconcluded that the political development in
democracy Congo happened because of the foreigner role , this role keep the
authority of mobotow and in the end let him down

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 17 2016
Journal Name
Al-academy
Expressionism in painting contemporary in Iraq Study features formalism: عبد الرزاق جبار رحيل الكناني
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In the present research is marked (expressive drawing in contemporary Iraq, the study of morphological features) eating expressive as the direction of modern art in the drawing for the period before and after World Wars I and II. And follow the tracks. And in research and investigation about the origins and sources and characteristics of expressionist painting at adult patrons and art gatherings, and the extent of their impact in the drawing for contemporary Iraqi sixties and seventies generation (generation of professors) and down to the younger generation in the eighties of the last century. Over the nearly two decades of history of fine movement in Iraq, a period specified in the search within the limits of temporal boundaries, and by

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 11 2006
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
In vivo N2 Laser Effect on Lymphocyte Transformation Capacity and Phagocytosis Activity in Mice
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The objective of this in vivo study is to investigate the effects of 337.1 nm pulsed N2 laser on cellular immune response represented by lymphocyte transformation capacity and phagocytosis activity in laboratory animals. The samples include 60 adult male BALB/c mice, were divided into control group and experimental groups. The experimental groups were divided into two main groups according to the time period after N2 laser irradiation. Each group was divided into 9 subgroups which exposed to N2 laser radiation at different values of pulse repetition rates and exposure times. The results of immunological tests demonstrated that the exposure to 180 J/cm2 of N2 laser radiation induce adverse effect to cellular immune response. The results o

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 06 2022
Journal Name
Open Access Macedonian Journal Of Medical Sciences
Knowledge about Anemia in Pregnancy among Females Attending Primary Health Care Centers in Baghdad
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BACKGROUND: In pregnancy, several physiological changes occur that lead to decrease in the level of hemoglobin. Anemia during pregnancy is a major public health concern in underdeveloped nations, with a high rate of morbidity and death among pregnant women. Inadequate prenatal care, a lack of information about the nutritional requirements of pregnant women, and general low socioeconomic circumstances all contribute to these high rates of morbidity and death. As pregnant women’s and husbands’ education levels increased, the frequency and severity of anemia decreased in the investigated community of pregnant women. AIM: This study aims to find out the level of knowledge about anemia in pregnancy among adult females attending pr

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Publication Date
Wed May 10 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Technical methods in foreign language teaching as a new method in foreign language learning
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Unter dem Titel " Technische Methoden im Fremdsprachunterricht als eine neueste Methode im Fremdsprachlernen, die Spiele als Muster"

versteht man, dass die Forschung  sich mit einer neuen Methoden im Fremdsprachunterricht beschäftigt. Von den neuen Methoden im Unterricht sind die Spiele. So man sieht  in den letzten Jahren viele Artikel zum Thema Spiele im Fremdsprschunterricht. Davon gehen wir aus, dass die Spiele im Unterricht eine groβe Rolle spielt, denn diese Methode macht Lust, Spaβ im Lernenprozeβ. Die Spiele im Unterricht bezeichnen als ein Mittel, um Unterricht etwas Schönes , Nützliches und Lebendigs zu sein. Die Spiele sind vielfälltig und unterscheidet sich nach den Themen und Materialien. In dieser F

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 29 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Using Different Methods to Predict Oil in Place in Mishrif Formation / Amara Oil Field
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The reserve estimation process is continuous during the life of the field due to risk and inaccuracy that are considered an endemic problem thereby must be studied. Furthermore, the truth and properly defined hydrocarbon content can be identified just only at the field depletion. As a result, reserve estimation challenge is a function of time and available data. Reserve estimation can be divided into five types: analogy, volumetric, decline curve analysis, material balance and reservoir simulation, each of them differs from another to the kind of data required. The choice of the suitable and appropriate method relies on reservoir maturity, heterogeneity in the reservoir and data acquisition required. In this research, three types of rese

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 17 2023
Journal Name
The Scientific World Journal
Moringa oleifera Use in Maintaining Oral Health and Its Potential Use in Regenerative Dentistry
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Phytomedicine refers to the use of naturally derived products to cure and mitigate human conditions. Natural products have the advantages of causing minimum side effects, being biocompatible, available, and economical, with a wide array of biological activities. Reports have described the use of natural products with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties to treat oral conditions and promote wound healing. Moringa oleifera, known as the “drumstick” or “horseradish” tree, is believed to have medicinal properties regarding a range of medical conditions, though there is limited information on its use in oral medicine. This narrative review focuses on the use of Moringa extracts in the management of oral conditions, incl

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 25 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
STUDY THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND INHIBITION EFFECT OF REACTIVE RED (31) DYE FOR THE CORROSION OF CARBON STEEL IN CORROSIVE MEDIA: STUDY THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND INHIBITION EFFECT OF REACTIVE RED (31) DYE FOR THE CORROSION OF CARBON STEEL IN CORROSIVE MEDIA
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The inhibitive action of Reactive Red (RR31) dye against corrosion of carbon steel in 1M acetic acid solution has been studied using gravimetric method at temperature ranged (288-318)K. The antibacterial activity for the different concentrations of RR31 dye against different bacterial species was studied. The experimental data indicates that this dye acts as a potential inhibitor for carbon-steel in acetic acid medium and the protection efficiency increase with increasing (RR31) dye. The adsorption of (RR31) dye on the carbon steel surface was found to follow Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Thermodynamic data for the adsorption process such as Gibbs free energy change ∆Gads, enthalpy change ∆Hads, and entropy change ∆Sads were estima

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 07 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Degree of Focus of The Science Curriculum for the First Intermediate Grade on National, Health, Environmental And Economic Values in Light of the Education Policy in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and a Suggested Scenario for a Mechanism to Be Strengthe
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The study aimed to reveal the extent of the first intermediate grade science curriculum focus on the national values, health, environmental, economic values, in the light of the education policy in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in addition to present a proposed vision to strengthen it in the science curriculum for the first intermediate grade. The study was applied to the two books student and the two books of activity on the first-second semesters for the academic year 1441 AH. To analyze the curriculum content, the study used a verified card prepared by the researchers and a criterion for interpreting percentages. The study reached the following results: environmental values ranked first with a concentration of (43%), i.e. with an avera

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