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Evaluation of the effectiveness of some mycorrhizal fungi isolates against charcoal rot disease
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Abstract<sec> <title>Background

The sunflower plants are attacked by serious seed and soil-borne pathogens including charcoal rot disease that caused by Macrophomina phaseolina. This disease has serious damages to sunflower crop. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus against charcoal rot disease as fungicide alternative.

Results

Morphological and molecular identification was done, using universal primers for molecular identification. Finally, a greenhouse experiment was conducted, and the length and weight of the plant shoot and root as well as disease incidence and severity percentages were estimated for the treatments infected with the M. phaseolina pathogen. The results showed that molecular identification indicates their subordination to Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Funneliformis mosseae. The greenhouse experiment showed that combined inoculation treatments (C. etunicatum + F. mosseae and C. etunicatum + F. mosseae + M.phaseolina) had the highest averages of length and weight of the plant shoot and root in the non-infected and pathogen-infected (M. phaseolina) treatments. F. mosseae and F. mosseae + M.phaseolina treatments had better effects on plant growth. M. phaseolina pathogen had suppression effects than the C. etunicatum inoculum (C. etunicatum and C. etunicatum + M. phaseolina treatments). The disease incidence and severity percentages decreased significantly in the inoculated plants than in non-inoculated plants. F. mosseae inoculum showed more efficiency in reducing DI and DS than C. etunicatum inoculum, while adding both, resulting in an extra significant reduction. The combined inoculation, which functions as a biofungicide and a biofertilizer, presented a viable biocontrol technique for crop protection.

Conclusions

Such the AM fungi treatments are considered good and biological safe. The symbiotic relationship of AM fungi with plants can also be utilized to gain successful management of agricultural against soil-borne diseases for getting rid of the negative effects of pesticides.

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 20 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Impact of Agile Methodologies and Cost Management Success Factors: An Empirical Study
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Software cost management is a significant feature of project management. As such, it needs to be employed in a project or line of work. Software cost management is integral to software development failures, which, in turn, cause software failure. Thus, it is imperative that software development professionals develop their cost management skills to deliver successful software projects. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of cost management success factors with project management factors and three agile methodologies – Extreme Programming (XP), Scrum and Kanban methodologies which are used in the Pakistani software industry. To determine the results, the researchers applied quantitative approach through an extensive survey on

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 13 2025
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The gender implications of Facebook pages and their role in prioritizing women issues
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Gender has considered and become a new trend in women's studies, as it reflects the behaviors, roles and attitudes imposed by society on its members in accordance with their biological nature,with focusing on gender rather than on concentration on women, which is closely linked to the vision that concentrates on women's problems which are not primarily according to their biological differences But rather to a greater extent to social, cultural, historical and religious barriers and Obstacles.
Therefore, the qualitative division due to the concept of "gender" is not a rigid biological division, but is relied on the broad general context through which the social division of work is done. Thus, content in the pages of Facebook with high-

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 14 2019
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Role Iron in Diabetes mellitus type 2 of the patients in province Diwaniya
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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common health problem of the world. Iron may be a part of the cause of the disease and its Complications

Objectives: This study was designed to determine the relationship between the levels of iron indices  and diabetes mellitus type 2. Type 2

Type of the study: Cross –sectional study.

Methods: diabetes mellitus is clinical condition characterized by hyperglycemia due to the absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. It is also followed by pathological abnormalities like impaired insulin secretion, peripheral insulin resistance, and excessive hepatic glucose production. Although type 2 diabetes mellitus i

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 07 2023
Journal Name
Revista De Gestão Social E Ambiental
The Moderating Effect of Burnout in Relationship Between Job Complexity and Psychological Detachment
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Objective: this search aims to test the correlation between job complexity and psychological detachment then stats how the burnout can affect in this relationship and dose the burnout can contribute in development of this relationship.   Theoretical framework: the research adopted some questions like how can psychological detachment can make the employee keeping away from work and isolates himself from work environment and how can the job complexity enhance this behavior for employee ,and how can the burnout increase the correlation between job complexity and psychological detachment ?, then trying to extraction some of recommendations may contributes in enhancing practicing and adopting these three variables (job complexity, psych

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Kinetic- spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Naringenin in Pure and Supplements Formulations
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          Simple, cheap, sensitive, and accurate kinetic- spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of naringenin in pure and supplements formulations. The method is based on the formation of Prussian blue. The product dye exhibits a maximum absorbance at 707 nm. The calibration graph of naringenin was linear over the range 0.3 to 10 µg ml-1 for the fixed time method (at 15 min) with a correlation coefficient (r) and percentage linearity (r2%) were of 0.9995 and 99.90 %, respectively, while the limit of detection LOD was 0.041 µg ml-1. The method was successfully applied for the determination of naringenin in supplements with satisfac

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 12 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Superconducting Properties of the (Bi0.8Pb0.2)2(Sr0.9Ba0.1)2 Ca2Cu3-x Nix O10+? System.
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The effect of substitution of Ni on Cu in (Bi0.8Pb0.2)2(Sr0.9Ba0.1)2 Ca2Cu3-x Nix O10+? for (x=0,0.1….1,2,3) superconductor system and sintering time has been investigated .The samples were prepared by solid-state reaction methods. The results show that the optimum sintering temperature is equal to 850 ºC, and the sintering time is equal to 140 h. The highest transition temperature (Tc) obtained for (Bi0.8Pb0.2)2(Sr0.9Ba0.1)2 Ca2Cu3-x NixO10+? composition was 113 with x=0.8 Phase analyses of the samples by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed an orthorhombic structure with a high Tc phases (2223) as a dominant phase and low Tc phase (2212) in addition to some impurity phases.

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
STUDY OF TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON THE HARDNESS FOR EPOXY RESIN AND UNSATURATED POLYESTER
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This search aim to measure Hardness for Epoxy resin and for unsaturated Polyester resin as base materials for composite Hybrid and the materials used is Hybrid fiber Carbon-Kevlar. The Hand Lay-up method was used to manufacture plates of Epoxy resin (EP) and unsaturated Polyester EP,UPE backed by Hybrid fiber (Carbon-Kevlar) and with small volume fraction 5,10 and 15 for every there are Layer of fibers (1,2 and 3). The hardness test was count for material EP, UPE resin and there composites and that we notice that the Hardness (HB) decreased with increase of temperatures.

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Publication Date
Sat May 01 2021
Journal Name
Key Engineering Materials
Synthesis and Characterization of the Thin Films NiSe2/Si Heterojunction for Solar Cells
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Thin film solar cells are preferable to the researchers and in applications due to the minimum material usage and to the rising of their efficiencies. In particular, thin film solar cells, which are designed based one transition metal chalcogenide materials, paly an essential role in solar energy conversion market. In this paper, transition metals with chalcogenide Nickel selenide termed as (NiSe2/Si) are synthesized. To this end, polycrystalline NiSe2 thin films are deposited through the use of vacuum evaporation technique under vacuum of 2.1x10-5 mbar, which are supplied to different annealing temperatures. The results show that under an annealed temperature of 525 K,

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 02 2012
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Study of Reactivity Effect on Reactor Power by Using the Neutronic- Thermohydrolic Coupling
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The study deals with reactivity insertion linear and non linear and/or Ramp reactivity expressed as a polynomial in time in the presence of two Feedback mechanisms, using the neutronic-thermohydraulic coupling in order to predict the neutron behavior as a function of time in terms of reactor power. Also, a comparative study has been achieved in the case of the presence of the feedback mechanisms. Insertion of Ramp reactivities in terms of polynomial in time to study the behavior of power and reactivity as a function of time in the presence of two feedback mechanisms (fuel and coolant) has been carried out and the results are displayed as plots, and showed this results corresponding with international results. The present study shows t

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 01 2017
Journal Name
International Journal Of Engineering Research And Advanced Technology
The Use of First Order Polynomial with Double Scalar Quantization for Image Compression
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