The exchange rate is of great importance at the global and local levels alike, as this importance increases with the increasing rates of development of economic relations between countries of the world due to openness and integration into the global economy, expressed by the expansion of the volume of trade and financial relations between countries. The Central Bank of Iraq has set the need to stabilize this price as a goal to reduce inflation rates and reduce them to the internationally accepted rates by using the foreign currency sale window to achieve a balance between the forces of supply and demand for foreign currency and to preserve the value of the Iraqi dinar. The research concluded that the central bank was It has a maj

The relationship between the clinical singes and some of the hematological and biochemical values in 126 cases of local breed and Shammi breed goats (from both sexes) diagnosed as cases of malnutrition from 230 goats examined .The clinical examination include (beside the general inspection and case history) body temperature, respiratory and pulse rates, mucus membranes skin and coat. Examination of the blood samples included RBCs count, Hb concentration, PCV % and values of cupper, magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium. The results showed that the mean body temperature of these goats was lower than in normal goats, while the respiratory and pulse rates were higher .Examination of blood revealed decrease in the means of RBCs counts ,Hb con

Background: Although methotrexate (MTX) is a frequently used chemotherapy drug, its effectiveness is sometimes hampered by the drug's toxic consequences. Omega 7 is a monounsaturated fatty acid, with different anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic anti-obesity applications, and its possible protective effects against MTX-induced blood toxicity were investigated in this study. Objective: Evaluation of possible protective effects of omega7 against MTX-induced blood toxicity. Methods: 30 mice were divided into five groups, the First group take liquid paraffin orallyfor 7 days for served as negative control and the second group take methotrexate (20mg/kg) intraperitoneallyto serve as a positive control,the third group takes omega 7 (100mg/kg

Three stations were chosen on the water treatment plan of al- madaan .The Samples collected from the (Raw water) and the Sedimentation, filtration and storage water and the drinking water of outlet. Coliform densities T.S and F.C and TS and F.S and total bacterial count as bacteriological pollution indicators, as moste probable number (MPN) method was studied in test. Also some of the chemical characteristics of the water like pH , total suspended solid T.S.S, T.D.D.and S04 , T.Hardness , Ca++ , Mg++ . From the results it were indicated . The study showed the drinking water of outlet (distriputed in system) was agree with WHO criteria and Iraqi limits standards .

EM International

     In this research investigation, a total of eighteen diverse tetra- and penta-lateral cyclic compounds were synthesized. These included 1,3,4-thiadiazole, thiazolidin-4-one (via an alternative method), 1,2,4-triazole, carbothioamide, thiazole-4-one, azetidin-2-one, and oxazole. The synthesis procedure entailed a sequence of reactions. The thiazolidine-4-one 1 was obtained by reaction p-aminobenzoic acid with thiosemicarbazide, followed by treatment with p-tolualdehyde to produce Schiff base 2. Reaction Schiff base 2 with mercaptoacetic acid in dry benzene was carried out to produce thiazolidine-4-one 3. In another synthesis pathway, the esterification of p-nitro benzoic acid with ethanol in the presence of sulfuric acid was

Government expenditure represents one of the controlling financial policies in the economic affairs and management of the economic cycle in order to achieve price stability, raise the rate of output growth and decrease the level of unemployment. The price stability represents one of the macroeconomic goals that all countries seek without exception, regardless of the economic philosophy adopted by each country; in addition to this is raising the productive capacity and reaching the actual output to the level of the expected output, that is, the level of output related to the natural unemployment rate or what is sometimes called the Non-inflationary unemployment rate. The restriction of government expenditure (G=T+∆B/iP+∆M/P) is

With the aim of developing potential antimicrobials, a series of novel Ciprofloxacin methylene isatin derivatives incorporating different aromatic aldehydes were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, Mass spectroscopy and bases of elemental analysis. In addition, the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal properties were tested against some human pathogenic microorganisms by employing the disc diffusion technique. A majority of compounds were showing activity against several of the microorganisms. The relationship between the functional group variation and the biological activity of the evaluated compounds is discussed. From comparisons of the compounds, 3c was determined to be the most active compound.

Various activities taking place within the city of Baghdad have significantly contributed to organic pollution in Rivers Tigris and Diyala. The present study aimed to assess some physical, chemical and biological aspects of six sites on Rivers Tigris and Diyala as they flow through the city of Baghdad. Monthly samples were collected for the period January to December, 2005. Marked differences in the physical and chemical characteristics of water were noted between the two rivers’ sites. Average values during the study period of dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, particulate organic matter, nitrate, phosphate and total dissolved solids for Tigris and Diyala were 7.8,4.7; 2.4,10.4; 350.1,921.4;7.8,13.9;1.2,4.8;814,2176 mg / l re