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Hybrid regimes: An Overview
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According to different types of democracy Indexes, hybrid regimes or those in the gray zone, make up the majority of regime transformations in the third wave of democracy. However, after nearly three decades, conceptual confusion about hybrid regimes persists and grows, while obstructing the accumulation of knowledge about the nature of hybrid regimes. This leads to significant political repercussions for democratization. This Paper attempts to provide a clearer view of different and overlapping concepts and classifications in this complex field, and sustain development in literature on democratic transformation. To achieve this, we followed an approach based on the classification of concepts and terms in three distinct categories, based on the different trends and successive stages in literature on hybrid regimes. This limits the conceptual stretching and intellectual bias. It also helps to extrapolate the elements of contrast and diversity to highlight the prospects for the transition to those regimes as much as possible. The Paper reached a number of results. The transition paradigm was the product of a previous stage during the strong early days of the third wave. Similarly, the subsequent facts have proven that this was not "the end of history." The hybrid regimes expressed these facts through their different patterns that were in multiple directions due to various cases and contexts. Therefore, the transition outcomes are also as accommodating towards the diversity in experiences of different democratic countries.

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2025
Journal Name
Chemical Engineering And Processing - Process Intensification
Wastewater treatment through a hybrid electrocoagulation and electro-Fenton process with a porous graphite air-diffusion cathode
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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Ieee Access
Implementation of Univariate Paradigm for Streamflow Simulation Using Hybrid Data-Driven Model: Case Study in Tropical Region
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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2025
Journal Name
Chemical Engineering And Processing - Process Intensification
Wastewater treatment through a hybrid electrocoagulation and electro-Fenton process with a porous graphite air-diffusion cathode
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Publication Date
Thu Feb 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Energy Storage
A critical review on phase change materials (PCM) based heat exchanger: Different hybrid techniques for the enhancement
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Publication Date
Mon May 25 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Composites Science
Sectional and Stress Analysis of Hybrid Reinforced Concrete Beams with Embedded GFRP Profiles Under Monotonic Static Loading
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Glass fiber–reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforcement provides an effective alternative to conventional steel in concrete structures due to its corrosion resistance. Nevertheless, the lower elastic modulus of GFRP necessitates careful consideration of serviceability behavior in GFRP-reinforced concrete members. This study presents a numerical sectional analysis model for predicting the flexural response and ultimate capacity of hybrid reinforced concrete beams incorporating embedded GFRP profiles in combination with either mild steel or GFRP reinforcement bars under monotonic static loading. The proposed model employs realistic nonlinear stress–strain relationships for concrete and steel, together with secant moduli of elasticity

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 02 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Study of effect acidic solution (HCl) and (EP/Al2O3 & EP/ TiO2) hybrid on thermal conductivity of epoxy resin.
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This research studies the effect of adding micro, nano and hybrid by ratio (1:1) of (Al2O3,TiO2) to epoxy resin on thermal conductivity before and after immersion in HCl acid for (14 day) with normality (0.3 N) at weight fraction (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08) and thickness (6mm). The results of thermal conductivity reveled that epoxy reinforced by (Al2O3) and mixture (TiO2+Al2O3) increases with increasing the weight fraction, but the thermal conductivity (k) a values for micro and Nano (TiO2) decrease with increasing the weight fraction of reinforced, while the immersion in acidic solution (HCl) that the (k) values after immersion more than the value in before immersion.

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 11 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Characterization of thermo-physical and hardness properties of unsaturated polyester resin hybrid nano composites Sihama Issa Salih1, Waleed Bdaiwi Salih2, Husam Sakin Hamad2
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In this work, two groups of nanocomposite material, was prepared from unsaturated polyester resin (UPE), they were prepared by hand lay-up method. The first group was consisting of (UPE) reinforced with individually (ZrO2) nanoparticles with particle size (47.23nm). The second group consists of (UPE) reinforced with hybrid nanoparticles consisting of zirconium oxide and yttrium oxide (70% ZrO2 + 30% Y2O3) with particles size (83.98nm). This study includes the effect of selected volume fraction (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%) for both reinforcement nano materials. Experimental investigation was carried out by analyzing the thermo-physical properties like thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and specific heat for the polymeric composit

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 31 2024
Journal Name
International Area Studies Review
Sub-National Governments’ Interactions in International Affairs: An Arab Perspective on Paradiplomacy
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In the last years of the twentieth century, scholars solidly focused on paradiplomacy as a study subject, linking it to federalism and decentralised systems. In the Arab world, which has 22 countries, a few states have adopted federalism or decentralisation. Only five countries, i.e., 22.7%, have adopted federalism and decentralised experience. Therefore, limited research and academic work has been conducted regarding paradiplomacy. This paper aims to research the relationship between federalism and paradiplomacy conceptually and practically and then analyse the Arab experiences in federalism and whether they applied paradiplomacy and succeeded in doing so. To explore that, the paper studies and compares the related articles of constitution

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 01 2019
Journal Name
2019 International Conference On Electrical Engineering And Computer Science (icecos)
An Evolutionary Algorithm for Community Detection Using an Improved Mutation Operator
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Publication Date
Tue Nov 07 2023
Journal Name
Innovative Infrastructure Solutions
Enhancing load-bearing performance of hybrid recycled aggregate concrete-filled columns using SBR, steel fibers and polypropylene fibers
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