استشعار النصاب (Quorum sensing, QS) هو آلية معروفة تستخدمها جراثيم عديدة للسيطرة على عوامل الضراوة الهامة من خلال الإنتاج والاستجابة اللاحقة ل .)N-acylhomoserine (AHLs جرى تسجيل تثبيط استشعار النصاب (QSI) ، الذي يستهدف الإشارات المعتمدة على AHL، كاستراتيجية للسيطرة على الأمراضية الجرثومية. وبالتالي، تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى البحث عن قدرة جرثومة الزائفة الزنجارية كمؤشر للفحص السريع عن QSI المحتمل المتسبب عن المستخلصات النباتية على أساس تثبيط الصبغة. استخدمت أربع مستخلصات نباتية كحولية بضمنها: براعم زهور القرنفل المجففة ( Syzygium aromaticum L)، لحاء القرفة (Cinnamomum cassia L)، أوراق المورينجا (Moringa oleifera Lam)، والقطب (Tribulus terrestris L) وجرى مقارنة قابيلتها على التثبيط QSI)) مع الفيورانون. استخدمت طريقة الانتشار في حفر الهلام، إذ جري تلقيح عزلة الزائفة الزنجارية على وسط الهلام الخاص بـها الذي احتوى على حفر بحجم 8 ملم لتحميل تراكيز مختلفة من المستخلصات النباتية فضلا عن الفيورانون أو محلول الفوسفات الداريء (سيطرة سالبة). أظهرت النتائج نجاح الفيورانون في تثبيط صبغة البايوسيانين للزوائف الزنجارية دون التداخل مع النمو الجرثومي، وهذا يؤكد قدرة هذه العزلة الجرثومية كمؤشر فعال يستدل من خلاله على وجود QS. الأهم من ذلك، سبب مستخلص القرنفل بتراكيز مختلفة في تثبيط تام لصبغة البايوسيانين مع تأثير ضئيل على النمو الجرثومي. عند استخدام القرفة، أظهرت التراكيز العالية فقط تثبي ًطا واض ًحا لصبغة العزلة المستخدمة. تسببت المورينغا أي ًضا في درجة معينة من تثبيط الصبغة ولكن بتراكيز عالية فقط. وعلى العكس من ذلك، لم يؤثر القطب على إنتاج البيوسيانين ولا على الحيوية الجرثومية. يستنتج من هذه الدراسة نجاح عزلة الزائفة الزنجارية المنتجة للبايوسيانين في فحص مثبطات QS. توصي هذه الدراسة البسيطة باستخدام مثل هذه العزلة ككاشف عن QSI دون الاعتماد على استيراد سلالات معينة من جراثيم Chromobacterium violaceum أو Pseudomonas aureofaciens أو Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
- S. Supreme Court plays a very important rule in American legal system, especially in the domain of constitutional interpretation and judicial review. This importance emerges from the precedents of the court which considered as compulsory rules on all the authorities. However, the supreme court can overrule its precedents. This research is about the factors which effect the court’s decision on overruling, dividing them on internal and external factors.
The source of the internal factors is the precedent itself, while the source of the external factors is the circumstances surrounding the precedent.
Abstract
The intellectual capital an important variable in the equation of the success of seeking economic units to achieve a competitive advantage, since it is a real capital for economic unity it constitutes a strategic importance as the main source to achieve high profitability in the economic unit and highlights the importance of showing intellectual capital components of the main Represent of human capital and structural capital and relational capital, through effective and the prominent role played by intellectual capital within the economic unity in order to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage contribute to attracting investors with longer investment decision of the most important and difficult decisions ta
... Show MoreBilastine (BL) is a novel non-sedating second-generation antihistamine, and its bioavailability is about 60%. Objective: To compare the bioavailability of prepared oral self-nanoemulsions of BL (BL-SNE) with that of pure BL and marketed tablets. Methods: Four groups of Wistar rats were used in this study, each with six rats weighing between 200 and 250 g. They were treated orally using a a gavage tube. The groups were fed either with conventional tablets ("Alerbix®") after being ground and dispersed with deionized water (DIW), treated with BL-SNE or fed with pure BL powder suspension. The fourth group did not receive any medication. The concentration of BL in the rat’s plasma was measured using HPLC. We used Trandolapril as an an interna
... Show MoreIn this study, we attempt to provide healthcare service to the pilgrims. This study describes how a multimedia courseware can be used in making the pilgrims aware of the common diseases that are present in Saudi Arabia during the pilgrimage. The multimedia courseware will also be used in providing some information about the symptoms of these diseases, and how each of them can be treated. The multimedia courseware contains a virtual representation of a hospital, some videos of actual cases of patients, and authentic learning activities intended to enhance health competencies during the pilgrimage. An examination of the courseware was conducted so as to study the manner in which the elements of the courseware are applied in real-time learn
... Show MoreCompensation is one of the most discussed topics in the arena of civil law that requires research About solutions to the damages that arise from the promotion of extremist ideas, which were imposed by the developments taking place in society and the increasing escalation of accidents and their increasing risks, which now threaten individuals and their property on a daily basis in large numbers, as the injured party always seeks to require quick compensation from the person responsible for the damage that satisfies his desires and removes the effects of the damage caused, The importance of compensation increases if the violation affects a person’s physical integrity or his right to life, which is the highest right recognized for humans in
... Show Morethose affected by technological development risks within the scope of medical works. The unprecedented technological development the world witnesses nowadays has been providing brilliant medical service to the human being including examination, diagnosis and the treatment or follow up. However, such works hide behind potential risks threatening people's lives and such risks my be discovered within the limits of now – how and technical knowledge prevailing the time of rendering the medical service. Also this the question is raised on how to keep up between the safety of the patients and such risks are being unknown by the provider and questioning them contradicts the justices. subsequently, can the patients (affected) acquire the compensat
... Show MoreFreedom of opinion is one of the freedoms that constitutions and laws have guaranteed to protect and is exercised through the media. However, this freedom must be exercised within certain limits, which include respecting a person’s right to preserve his privacy, image and reputation. Just as the media has the freedom to exercise its right to publish and express its opinion with complete frankness, it is in return obligated to respect the rights of others and avoid defaming them and violating their privacy. If the media does this, the injured party has the right to demand compensation for the damage he has suffered as a result.
The aim of this study to investigate the microbial load and type of preservative for the types of yogurt available in the Iraqi market to ensure the safety of food provided to the consumer and protect through examining the types of yogurt from harmful bacteria as well as to contain ratios acceptable to yeasts and molds is to find out by comparing models curd careless Iraqi standard quality(ISQ) and see how they conform to these specifications have been collecting 12 brands of yoghurt types it was been (Kala, Activia 1, Activia 2, Mazia, Shelan, Aib, Mersin, Morsi, Al-Safi, Zabady, Zakho, Arbil). Bacteriological tests were conducted on samples of yogurt (total bacterial count, coliform count, counting yeasts and molds). The results showed
... Show MoreBackground: Breast Cancer is the most common malignancy among the Iraqi population; the majority of cases are still diagnosed at advanced stages with poor prospects of cure. Early detection through promoting public awareness is one of the promising tools in its control. Objectives: To evaluate the baseline needs for breast cancer awareness in Iraq through exploring level of knowledge, beliefs and behavior towards the disease and highlighting barriers to screening among a sample of Iraqi women complaining of breast cancer. Methodology: Two-hundred samples were enrolled in this study; gathered from the National
Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide and organized national mammographic screening has been adopted as gold standard for breast cancer early detection in most developed countries in the world.
Objectives: to evaluate and emphasize the performance of the initiative opportunistic breast cancer screening program in Iraq and to determine the incident malignancy rate of breast cancer among asymptomatic self-referring women aged 40 years or older via digital mammography by mean of the breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS©).
Patients and methods: this retrospective study included a total of 809 asymptomatic self-referring women over age 40 years, mostly consisted of employees o