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Economics of Supramolecular Assemblies as Displacement Fluids in EOR
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Abstract<p>It is estimated that over the next few decades, EOR will be used for the more than 50% of oil production in the US and worldwide. From these, in reservoir with viscositites ranging between 10 – 150 mPa.s, polymer flooding is suggsted as the EOR method. Therefore, there is an upper limit to the recommended range of reservoir oil viscosities for polymer flooding. To address the issue of this limitation of polymer injectivity and pumping efficiency, we propose a novel method. The method involves the use of Supramolecular Systems, which are composed of long-chain aminoacids and maleic acids post complexation. Their unique feature of resersible viscosities allows the operator to overcome injectivity limitations posed by conventional polymer flooding.</p><p>Viscosity of supramolecular systems, prior to contact with oil, can be lowered to ease the injection process and improve pumping efficiency. On contact with oil, an external pH stimulus can be introduced that will reverse its viscosity to higher values. Lab-scale studies conducted on supramolecular systems have validated this property of reversibly adjusting viscosity through pH stimulus. These systems also have high salinity and temperature tolerance.</p><p>Conventional polymers, on introduction to extreme shear stress and temperature, have a tendency to breakdown. Supramolecular systems, on the other hand, act as "healable polymers" or undergo dis-assembling and re-assembling when subjected to similar conditions. Therefore, due to these molecular scission processes, these systems are considered to be durable in confining environment. In reservoirs where thermal EOR methods are not suitable candidates, supramolecular system can have significant use due to its high temperature tolerance.</p><p>The objective of this work is to futher develop these novel supramolecular systems by studying its cost-effectiveness and feasibility through a reservoir simulation model (stratified reservoir). In this study, we will be focusing on the economics of polymer injection.</p>
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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Molecular Identification of Methylorubrum extorquens using PCR-Amplified MxaF Gene Fragments as A Molecular Marker
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  Methylotrophs bacteria are ubiquitous, and they have the ability to consume single carbon (C1) which makes them biological conversion machines. It is the first study to find facultative methylotrophic bacteria in contaminated soils in Iraq. Conventional PCR was employed to amplify MxaF that encodes methanol dehydrogenase enzyme. DNA templates were extracted from bacteria isolated from five contaminated sites in Basra. The gene specific PCR detected Methylorubrum extorquens as the most dominant species in these environments. The ability of M. extorquens to degrade aliphatic hydrocarbons compound was tested at the laboratory. Within 7 days, gas chromatographic (GC) studies of remaining utilize

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Publication Date
Thu May 14 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
Visual Pollution and its Impact on the Aesthetics: The Town of Eizariya as a Model
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This study seeks to shed light on the aspects of visual pollution and its impact on the aesthetics of the town of Al-Eizariya known to suffer from the phenomenon. In order to identify the real causes of the problem which develops in various forms and patterns, threatening not only the aesthetic appearance of the towns, but also causes the emergence of new problems and phenomena that will have negative repercussions on the population. The researcher uses the analytical descriptive method to analyze the phenomenon of visual pollution in terms of reality, development, manifestations and spread and uses photos which document the visual pollution and its impact on the aesthetics of the known. The study concluded the existence of a strong rela

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a System for Ciprofloxacin Drug Delivery; Kinetic of Adsorption and Releasing
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Mesoporous silica (MPS) nanoparticle was prepared as carriers for drug delivery systems by sol–gel method from sodium silicate as inexpensive precursor of silica and Cocamidopropyl betaine (CABP) as template. The silica particles were characterized by SEM, TEM, AFM, XRD, and N2adsorption–desorption isotherms. The results show that the MPS particle in the nanorange (40-80 nm ) with average diameter equal to 62.15 nm has  rods particle morphology, specific surface area is 1096.122 m2/g, pore volume 0.900 cm3/g, with average pore diameter 2.902 nm, which can serve as efficient carriers for drugs. The adsorption kinetic of Ciprofloxacin (CIP) drug was studied and the data were analyzed and found to match well with

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 25 2018
Journal Name
Summaries Of Working Papers, Research And Experiments
E-learning at the College of Mass Communication, subject: public relations campaigns as a model
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Publication Date
Sat Sep 20 1930
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The causes of defeat and weakness and humiliation as described by Al - Imran: Objective study
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Praise be to Allah. Praise be to Him. We seek refuge in Him. We seek forgiveness from him. We seek forgiveness from him.
And the disadvantages of our actions, of his hands
e
It is important, if not all, to pay tribute to God
Muhammad Abdo and Rasoulou, there is no way to deprive the nation of the weakness of God alone and not to share it
 Which suffer from the Quran, and the loss of its borders, bad
The work did not work and did not improve
Do what they offer and delay the others, except by reference to this Koran and the extraction of treasures and secrets
 And news.
The Great Quran Study

Lu Imito ordered each poisoned, and achieved several targets of
YEMYA: Knowing the secrets of the Grea

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 24 2014
Journal Name
International Journal Of Environmental Science And Technology
Removal of copper ions from contaminated groundwater using waste foundry sand as permeable reactive barrier
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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
جوطرافياى شيَوةزارى باجةلآنى ناسراو بة شيَوةزارى شةبةك Geography of Bajalan Variety known as Shabak variety
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Shabak is one of minority related to Kurdish nation , speaking Bajalan variety especially Goran Dialect.

     This study is a historic  and diactological study about Kurdish Bajalan variety.The study is composed an  introduction and tw0 chapters. The first  chapter talks about Bajalan variety , and it has two axes . In the first axe , I talk about the geography of Bajalan variety and in the second axes the map of goran dialect . The second chapter is about Shabak variety and it is constituted of three axes : The first section is about Shabak variety , in the second section is allocated to the domicile of Shabak variety and in the third section , talks about the saint of shabak and in the end the

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2020
Journal Name
Alexandria Engineering Journal
Biodegradation of reactive dyes by some bacteria using response surface methodology as an optimization technique
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Water pollution as a result of contamination with dye-contaminating effluents is a severe issue for water reservoirs, which instigated the study of biodegradation of Reactive Red 195 and Reactive Blue dyes by E. coli and Bacillus sp. The effects of occupation time, solution pH, initial dyes concentrations, biomass loading, and temperature were investigated via batch-system experiments by using the Design of Experiment (DOE) for 2 levels and 5 factors response surface methodology (RSM). The operational conditions used for these factors were optimized using quadratic techniques by reducing the number of experiments. The results revealed that the two types of bacteria had a powerful effect on biodegradable dyes. The regression analysis reveale

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 02 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Revolutionizing Depth Sensing: A Review Study of Apple LiDAR Sensor for as-built Scanning Applications
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Incorporating the LiDAR sensor in the most recent Apple devices represents a substantial development in 3D mapping technology. Meanwhile, Apple's Lidar is still a new sensor. Therefore, this article reviews the potential uses of the Apple Lidar sensor in various fields, including engineering and construction, focusing on indoor and outdoor as-built 3D mapping and cultural heritage conservation. The affordable cost and shorter observation times compared to traditional surveying and other remote sensing techniques make the Apple Lidar an attractive choice among scholars and professionals. This article highlights the need for continued research on the Apple LiDAR sensor technology while discussing its specifications and limitations. A

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 05 2009
Journal Name
J. Duhok Univ
The role of red pigment produced by Serratia marcescens as antibacterial and plasmid curing agent
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