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Economics of Supramolecular Assemblies as Displacement Fluids in EOR
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Abstract<p>It is estimated that over the next few decades, EOR will be used for the more than 50% of oil production in the US and worldwide. From these, in reservoir with viscositites ranging between 10 – 150 mPa.s, polymer flooding is suggsted as the EOR method. Therefore, there is an upper limit to the recommended range of reservoir oil viscosities for polymer flooding. To address the issue of this limitation of polymer injectivity and pumping efficiency, we propose a novel method. The method involves the use of Supramolecular Systems, which are composed of long-chain aminoacids and maleic acids post complexation. Their unique feature of resersible viscosities allows the operator to overcome injectivity limitations posed by conventional polymer flooding.</p><p>Viscosity of supramolecular systems, prior to contact with oil, can be lowered to ease the injection process and improve pumping efficiency. On contact with oil, an external pH stimulus can be introduced that will reverse its viscosity to higher values. Lab-scale studies conducted on supramolecular systems have validated this property of reversibly adjusting viscosity through pH stimulus. These systems also have high salinity and temperature tolerance.</p><p>Conventional polymers, on introduction to extreme shear stress and temperature, have a tendency to breakdown. Supramolecular systems, on the other hand, act as "healable polymers" or undergo dis-assembling and re-assembling when subjected to similar conditions. Therefore, due to these molecular scission processes, these systems are considered to be durable in confining environment. In reservoirs where thermal EOR methods are not suitable candidates, supramolecular system can have significant use due to its high temperature tolerance.</p><p>The objective of this work is to futher develop these novel supramolecular systems by studying its cost-effectiveness and feasibility through a reservoir simulation model (stratified reservoir). In this study, we will be focusing on the economics of polymer injection.</p>
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Publication Date
Sun Oct 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Ghrelin and Obestatin Levels as a Novel Marker in Iraqi Obese Children
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Obesity is an escalating health problem in developing countries. One to ten children worldwide are overweight in a report showed by the International Obesity Task Force. Ghrelin, orexigenic peptide, has 28 amino acids, it is considered the greatest remarkable promotion in the last two decades for understanding the physiological changes of action regu­lating food intake and hunger. Obestatin is a 23-amino acid peptide nearly connected to ghrelin that secures from substitutio

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 25 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Agricultural Sciences
ROSEMARY VOLATILE OIL AS A PRESERVATIVE AGENT IN SOME CANNED MEAT FOODS
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This research was aimed to evaluate activity of Rosemary volatile oil and Nisin A in vivo and on B. cereus isolated from some canned meat products in vitro. The results showed that the activity of Rosemary volatile oil (2000 µg/ml) and Nisin A (350 µg\ml) attained to 27 and 19 mm inhibitory zone diameter respectively in well diffusion method. The viable plate count from samples of canned meat treated with effective concentration of Rosemary volatile oil and Nisin A were examined. The samples with Rosemary volatile oil was not showed any CFU/g after 9 days of preservation while sample with Nisin A and control observed 49 and 45 CFU/g respectively. In vivo experiment on mice, two weeks after oral dose of Rosemary volatile oil (2000

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 01 2015
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Position of the Oil Press about the World Oil Industry / OAPEC Bulletin 2011-2012 as a Model
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This research deals with the attitude of oil press towards oil industry in the world and the extent of their concerns with the stages of oil industry relating to the abundance of oil and natural gas, as it is an international strategic and complementary industry. The researcher uses the survey method for content analysis of the initial article and the press news for two: years (2011-2012). The results if the study are as follows
1- Oil press is concerned with developing and the stages of the Arabic oil industry in the interest of OAPEC in the first place.
2- It is concerned with exploring, extracting, and marketing oil in the first place, then with refining operations in refineries and petrochemical plants in the second place, an

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Publication Date
Wed May 08 2024
Journal Name
Babylon: Abjad Publising House
“Translation is the Art of Negotiating with Words”, in Hassad aS-Sineen(Harvest of Years): Essays in Teaching Translation
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Publication Date
Wed Aug 11 2021
Journal Name
International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research
Evaluation of Serum Adropin Levels in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease as A Complication of Hypothyroidism In Iraqi Patients المؤلفون
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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis, Characterization and Textural Analysis of Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Using Sodium Silicate as Precursor and Silicone Surfactant as Template
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Three mesoporous silica with different functional group were prepared by one-step synthesis based on the simultaneous hydrolysis and condensation of sodium silicate with organo - silane in the presence of template surfactant polydimethylsiloxane - polyethyleneoxide (PDMS - PEO). The prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nitrogen adsorption/desorption experiments. The results indicate that the preparation of methyl and phenyl functionalized silica were successful and the mass of methyl and phenyl groups bonded to the silica structure are 15, 38 mmol per gram silica. The average diameter of the silica particles are 103.51,

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 14 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Psychological Stress As A Result of the Spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Abstract

The pressures of life have become a tangible phenomenon in all societies in varying degrees. This disparity determines several factors, including the nature of societies, the level of their urbanization, the intensity of interaction, the intensity of conflict, and the increasing rate of change in those societies. many people name The modern era in which we live the “era of pressures", where one of the most important of these changes is the “new Coronavirus 19-COVID”, which has spread widely throughout the world, as the pandemic, has affected all aspects of daily life, including the educational and academic process, academic activities have been suspended in universities, which caused sudden change

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Potential Role of Soil Bacteria as an Indicator of Heavy Metal Pollution in Southern, Iraq
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       The present study was performed to spotlight the potential role of soil bacteria in the Al-Rumaila oil field as a bioindicator of heavy metals pollution. For this purpose, nine soil samples were collected from different sites, with 20cm depth, to assess the pollution status depending on the total and available concentrations of heavy metals.  The result indicates pollution of the studied soils with the following metals: Cd, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Pb. The mean of total concentration for all studied metals was higher than the allowed maximum limit based on the international limit:(3.394, 3.994, 39.993, 8844.979,150.372, and 103.347 µg/g), respectively. While measuring the total Metal concentration is important in determining the de

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Publication Date
Tue Jul 01 2014
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
ROLE OF DOMESTIC CATS FELIS CATUS AS RESERVOIR HOSTS OF INTERNAL PARASITES AND PROTOZOA IN BAGHDAD
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    Examining of 80 feces samples showed that 31 samples of the house and stray cats harbored either single or mixed infection with eight species of parasites and protozoa with a total infection rate 38.75 %.The results on parasite classes are: Toxocara cati (5%), Ancylostoma tubeforme (3.75%), Capillaria felis(3.75%), Isospora sp.(10%), Cryptosporidium parvum(3.75%), Cryptosporidium muris (6.25%), Toxoplasma gondi (3.75%), Giardia sp.(2.5%) infection from feces of cats that showed single, double and triple infections. Our findings revealed the risk for public health, thus preventive measures should be implemented.

 

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2020
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
Effects of international variables on the principle of citizenship in Arab countries: "Kuwait as a Model"
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The principle of citizenship has international dimensions that affect the application of the principle, such as the structure of the international system, and the control of the concepts of globalization, international organizations which played an important role in the consolidation of this principle.

The problem of the study revolves around the effects of international variables on the principle of citizenship in Kuwait during the period 1991-2018.

The study used several indicators, such as: the rule of law, achieving the principle of separation of powers, the right to form parties, the application of the law of nationality, and racial discrimination, women's rights, and freedom of expression.

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