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

In this study, a predicated formula is been proposed to find the shear strength of non-prismatic beams with or without openings. It depends on the contributions of concrete shear strength considering the beam depth variation and existing openings, shear steel reinforcements and defines the critical shear section, the effect of diagonal shear reinforcement, the effect of inclined tensile steel reinforcement, and the compression chord influence. The verification of the proposed formula has been conducted on the experimental test results of 26 non-prismatic beams with or without openings at the same loading conditions. The results reflect that the predicted formula finds the shear capacity of non-prismatic beams with openings, it is co

Random throwing of industrial waste has a significant impact on the environment unless it takes into account the conditions of engineered destroying and/or re-used. Taking the advantage of re-using waste materials in engineering projects represents a well-planned project in order to resolve a lot of engineering problems for some difficult soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capability and effects of Rubber Shreds (RS) from scrap torn belts towards improving the shear strength of soft clay. A direct shear tests were conducted on soft clay-RS mixture. The following parameters were investigated to study the influence of RS content, water content, normal stress, and dilation ratio. From experimental test results it was fou

This study uses an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to examine the constitutive relationships of the Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) residual tensile strength at elevated temperatures. The objective is to develop an effective model and establish fire performance criteria for concrete structures in fire scenarios. Multilayer networks that employ reactive error distribution approaches can determine the residual tensile strength of GFRP using six input parameters, in contrast to previous mathematical models that utilized one or two inputs while disregarding the others. Multilayered networks employing reactive error distribution technology assign weights to each variable influencing the residual tensile strength of GFRP. Temperatur

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of leaves extract of Salvia sclarea , Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris with 10% and 30% concentration on germination of seeds and growth of seedlings . The effect of these extracts on infection percentage of seeds decay and surface growth of Rhizoctonia solani . The results showed that the three extracts effected significantly to reduced percentage of seeds germination, acceleration of germination , promoter indicator , infection percentage of seeds decay and surface growth of R. solani especially in 30% concentration .

The aim of this investigation was to study the impact of various reaction parameters on wastewater taken from Al-Wathba water treatment plant on Tigris River in south of Baghdad, Iraq with sodium hypochlorite solution. The parameters studied were sodium hypochlorite dose, contact time, initial fecal coliform bacteria concentration, temperature, and pH. In a batch reactor, different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite solution were used to disinfect 1L of water. The amount of hypochlorite ions in disinfected water was measured using an Iodimetry test for different reaction times, whereas the Most Probable Number (MPN) test was used to determine the concentration of coliform bacteria. Total Plate Count (TPC) was utilized in this study to

Material obtained from the demolition of concrete structures and milling of flexible pavements has the highest potential for recyclability. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of hot mix asphalt with the concurrent use of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). Contents of RAP and RCA were varied from 0% to 50% by fixing the total recycling materials percentage to 50%. Penetration grade 40/50 virgin binder and waste engine oil (WEO) as rejuvenator were used in the present study. A series of tests, such as Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength test, IDEAL CT, uniaxial compression test, and resilient modulus test, were carried out to assess the performance of