الرّهاب، اضطراب نفسيّ واسع الانتشار، وتُشير الدّراسات الحديثة إلى أن نسبة انتشاره تتراوح ما بين (7%-14%) في أغلب المجتمعات، وهو اضطراب مُزمن ومُعطّل للحياة الاجتماعيّة، ولكنّه قابل للعلاج. ويتفق العلماء على أن عدم إدراك المعاق بصريًّا للبيئة المحيطة به، وأركانها يجعل تكّيفه معها محصورًا في إطارٍ ضيق، وبذلك تتبلور مشكلة البحث في الإجابة عن التساؤل الآتي: ما مستوى الرّهاب لدى التلامذة ضعاف البصر في المدارس الاب

The current research aims to identify the psychological well-being of the educational counselors, as well as to identify the significance of differences in psychological well-being according to the variables (gender, duration of service). The number of scale's items reached (42) items distributed evenly on six dimensions (autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relationships with others, purpose in life, self-acceptance), for each field (7) items. The scale was applied to a sample of (400) school counselors (male-female) who were randomly selected from the six directorates in the Baghdad governorate for the academic year 2020/2021. The results showed that the educational counselors in the Baghdad governorate for the si

The Symbolic Interaction of the Kindergarten

Find out the leadership ability among female university students.
The researcher made aquestionnaire consisting ofone open question for (50) female students of education college for women\ Baghdad university to mention main leadership abilities with leader student.
To achieve the aims of this study, the researcher made the following steps: 1- Collection and finalization the items of the scale Through literature review and previous studies and aquestionnaire consisting where (3) items have been extracted to make this questionnaire. 2- The test has been submitted to proffesionals of psychology to judge the valiidety of items of the scale where their opinion was they are good at (100%).The scale has been applied on statistical analysi

The Educational Ideology of John Dewey

This research aims to identify the vigilant personality of University teachers in term of gender. To this end, the researcher used the scale of Al-tememe (2017) for the vigilant personality, the scale was administered to the sample of the study which was (100) male and female teachers. The results have shown that university teachers generally have a vigilant personality, as well as the result showed a difference between male and female teachers on the level of vigilant personality in favor of males. In the light of these results the researcher has come with a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The aim of this research is to measure the logical maturity of kindergarten children. To achieve this aim, the researcher adopted the scale of Gold Schmid and Bentler (1968), which was translated to the Arabic language by Shabili (1988). The scale was administered to a sample of (100) kindergarten children were chosen randomly from a number of kindergartens in Baghdad city for the academic year (2017-2018). SPSS was used to analyze the collected data. The results revealed there is a level of logical maturity among the kindergarten children. The researcher came out with a number of recommendations and suggestions.                     &

Students at secondary school, particularly at the beginning of their academic lives face many difficulties and problems in various psychological, educational, and social fields, which require them to make many decisions and solve problems that may confront them while maintaining their optimism and positivity for life in general and for academic life in particular. Thus, the current study aims to investigate the academic optimism of distinguished students and identify the differences in academic optimism in terms of gender. The researcher applied the scale to a sample of (336) students, (145) males, and (191) females, who were chosen randomly from distinguished schools. In order to achieve the research objectives, the researcher adopted t

            The aim of the current research is to measure the sense of coherence among individuals with physical disabilities. The researcher adopted a scale of (29) paragraphs spread over three domains designed by Antonovski (1993) to measure the sense of coherence. A sample of (210) disabled individuals was chosen randomly to collect the required data. The data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The result showed a lack of sense of coherence among the sample.

The divorce is one of the important problem that prominence in Iraq it needs a remedy speedily .

This problem appears specially at the war of 2003 , it is effected on culture and it trances through communications tools , internet and satellite .

Supreme judicial council recorded about (41536) divorced cases , whereas the rate of this number arise to (87.530) through 2012 , in the same time the Iraqi courts recorded about 20%-30% of wedding cases .

The two researchers focused in their study on the concept of Alienation as a basic variable through its enhancing on the psychological health for divorces , in which they take this sense to connect it with their shortage that reflect negatively on their psychological and