Segmentation is the process of partition digital images into different parts depending on texture, color, or intensity, and can be used in different fields in order to segment and isolate the area to be partitioned. In this work images of the Moon obtained through observations in Astronomy and space dep. College of science university of Baghdad by ( Toward space telescopes and widespread used of a CCD camera) . Different segmentation methods were used to segment lunar craters. Different celestial objects cause craters when they crash into the surface of the Moon like asteroids and meteorites. Thousands of craters appears on the Moon's surface with ranges in size from meter to many kilometers, it provide insights into the age and geology of a Moon's surface. Therefore, it is important to study them and determine their characteristics. So, several segmentations methods were used in this study these are: K-Means, Single Feed Forward Neural Network (SFFNN), and hybrid segmentation methods. K-Means method applied with different number of clusters (k), that were used to segment Moon images and isolate lunar craters, where k=1,2,3, and 4 were used. But, all of them did not identify the boundary of craters, only K=3 gave useful results. SFFNN was also used in this work, it trained by a novel method, where weights have been replaced by masks, that create depending on the images features and targets. Thirteen lunar craters were used, ten of them utilized in training process and the last three images were used to test the performance of network. But also this method did not segment lunar images and identify the boundaries of lunar craters clearly. So, in attempt to overcome this problem, the new hybrid method was proposed, that combine the concepts of K Means and SFFNN methods. The main advantages of the proposed hybrid method is that it does not require much data in the training process as it is known in other networks, where the K-Means cluster segmentation method gave a shortcut to correlating masks with images, which led to giving perfect results in a short time. Then, results show the proposed hybrid segmentation method was succeed to segment lunar crater and identify the craters boundaries clearly.
This paper is concerned with introducing and studying the o-space by using out degree system (resp. i-space by using in degree system) which are the core concept in this paper. In addition, the m-lower approximations, the m-upper approximations and ospace and i-space. Furthermore, we introduce near supraopen (near supraclosed) d. g.'s. Finally, the supra-lower approximation, supraupper approximation, supra-accuracy are defined and some of its properties are investigated.
Response of cross-ply plates subjected to transient load is obtained using five variables refined plate theory, and four variables plate theory. Equations of motion are derived through the principleof virtual work. Navier series used for simply supported laminated plates. The results of this work are presented for different parameters, such as the ply number, thickness, and modulus ratio with mechanical load (sinusoidal and step pulses), which are compared with those obtained using high-order shear plate theory. Five variables of refined plate theory give results that are considerably different from the four variables of refined plate theory and higher-order theory. The obtained results from the four variables theory have the same behavior
... Show MoreBackground: DVT is a very common problem with a very serious complications like pulmonary embolism (PE) which carries a high mortality,and many other chronic and annoying complications ( like chronic DVT, post-phlebitic syndrome, and chronic venous insufficiency) ,and it has many risk factors that affect its course, severity ,and response to treatment. Objectives: Most of those risk factors are modifiable, and a better understanding of the relationships between them can be beneficial for better assessment for liable pfatients , prevention of disease, and the effectiveness of our treatment modalities. Male to female ratio was nearly equal , so we didn’t discuss the gender among other risk factors. Type of the study:A cross- secti
De-waxing of lubricating oil distillate (400-500 ºC) by using urea was investigated in the present study. Lubricating oil distillate produced by vacuum distillation and refined by furfural extraction was taken from Al-Daura refinery. This oil distillate has a pour point of 34 ºC. Two solvents were used to dilute the oil distillate, these are methyl isobutyl ketone and methylene chloride. The operating conditions of the urea adduct formation with n-paraffins in the presence of methyl isobutyl ketone were studied in details, these are solvent to oil volume ratio within the range of 0 to 2, mixer speed 0 to 2000 rpm, urea to wax weight ratio 0 to 6.3, time of adduction 0 to 71 min and temperature 30-70 ºC). Pour point of de-waxed oil and yi
... Show MorePolyaniline organic Semiconductor polymer thin films have been prepared by oxidative polymerization at room temperature, this polymer was deposited on glass substrate with thickness 900nm, FTIR spectra was tested , the structural,optical and electrical properties were studied through XRD ,UV-Vis ,IR measurements ,the results was appeared that polymer thin film sensing to NH3 gas.
Basrah is the richest town and the economic capital of Iraq. It suffers from lack of drinking water. This project is a dream to supply drinking water to Basrah citizens within WHO standards. Water should pass sedimentation and filtration stages before interring reverse osmosis unit. The design is carried out using lewaplus2 software. Several parameters should be selected in the design step membrane type, number of stages, number per element in each stage, and the recovery percentage. An optimization is carried out using Minitab ver. 18 for the acceptable limit of TDS and minimum cost and it was found that the optimum conditions were 52% for first stage, the numbers of vessels are 20 for both the first and second stage. In addition,
... Show MoreDecision making is vital and important activity in field operations research ,engineering ,administration science and economic science with any industrial or service company or organization because the core of management process as well as improve him performance . The research includes decision making process when the objective function is fraction function and solve models fraction programming by using some fraction programming methods and using goal programming method aid programming ( win QSB )and the results explain the effect use the goal programming method in decision making process when the objective function is
fraction .
Piled raft is commonly used as foundation for high rise buildings. The design concept of piled raft foundation is to minimize the number of piles, and to utilize the entire bearing capacity. High axial stresses are therefore, concentrated at the region of connection between the piles and raft. Recently, an alternative technique is proposed to disconnect the piles from the raft in a so called unconnected piled raft (UCPR) foundation, in which a compacted soil layer (cushion) beneath the raft, is usually introduced. The piles of the new system are considered as reinforcement members for the subsoil rather than as structural members. In the current study, the behavior of unconnected piled rafts systems has been studie
... Show MoreHigh-resolution imaging of celestial bodies, especially the sun, is essential for understanding dynamic phenomena and surface details. However, the Earth's atmospheric turbulence distorts the incoming light wavefront, which poses a challenge for accurate solar imaging. Solar granulation, the formation of granules and intergranular lanes on the sun's surface, is important for studying solar activity. This paper investigates the impact of atmospheric turbulence-induced wavefront distortions on solar granule imaging and evaluates, both visually and statistically, the effectiveness of Zonal Adaptive Optics (AO) systems in correcting these distortions. Utilizing cellular automata for granulation modelling and Zonal AO correction methods,
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