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Comprehensive Model for Flash Calculations of Heavy Oils Using the Soave - Redlich - Kwong Equation of State
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Abstract<p>One of the main techniques to achieve phase behavior calculations of reservoir fluids is the equation of state. Soave - Redlich - Kwong equation of state can then be used to predict the phase behavior of the petroleum fluids by treating it as a multi-components system of pure and pseudo-components. The use of Soave – Redlich – Kwon equation of state is popular in the calculations of petroleum engineering therefore many researchers used it to perform phase behavior analysis for reservoir fluids (Wang and Orr (2000), Ertekin and Obut (2003), Hasan (2004) and Haghtalab (2011))</p><p>This paper presents a new flash model for reservoir fluids in gas – oil separation stations. The proposed model uses Soave - Redlich - Kwong equation of state for calculating vapor and liquid mole fraction after each separation stage of heavy oils. The form of Soave - Redlich - Kwong equation of state that used in this paper is the cubic equation for Z-factor. The solution of this cubic equation depends on using Newton's and false position methods to find the three roots of the equation. This model finds the initial guess of Z-Factor using the false position technique and calculates the exact value of Z-Factor by applying the Newton-Raphson technique. The new model distinguishes between liquid and vapor phases through choosing the minimum root as the Z factor for the liquid phase and the maximum root as the Z factor for the vapor phase.</p><p>Many empirical relationships have been applied to calculate the related parameters which are utilized to perform the flash calculation. AL–Dulaimy's correlation (2002) is utilized to calculate the critical properties for the plus fraction (C7+). Wilson's correlation (1968) is used to guess the initial value of equilibrium ratio. Whitson's correlation (1984) is employed for calculating boiling point for plus fraction (C7+).</p><p>The new model has been tested using Iraqi oils data for several degasing stations. Calculated results of vapor mole fractions are found to be in excellent agreement with the field data. The graphical demonstration of the calculated results and field data shows credit index to utilize the new model in separation calculations of heavy oils under different temperatures. Two more Iraqi separation stations have been used to check the efficiency of the proposed model.</p>
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Publication Date
Sat Nov 10 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Evaluation of the Families, Attitudes toward Environment Pollution
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Objectives: To evaluate the families’ attitudes toward environment pollution, and determine the relationship
between families’ attitudes towards environment pollution and their demographic characteristics of age,
education, type of family, and socioeconomic status.
Methodology: A descriptive design is carried throughout the present study to evaluate families’ attitudes toward
environment pollution for the period of October 5th2013 to May 7th2014. A non-probability "purposive" sample of
(110) families’ is selected. The sample is comprised of two groups; (75) urban families’ and (35) rural ones. An
evaluation tool is designed and constructed for the purpose of the study. It is consisted of (4) main parts;
dem

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Imam Al-Qushayri was one of the most
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Eminent figures in Quranic studies in the fourth century of the Hegira, in his
copacity as the founder of the essentials of the indicative approach in interpretation
which is based on the consideration of research principles in interpretation science.
Al-Qushayri participated in clarifying the promotions of this approach in his
works which represent this approach. The mast distinguished of these works is
Tafseer Lataef Al-Isharat. The researcher examined the characteristics of this
approach and its effect on the interpretative movement in Al-Qushayri age an come to
employ them as a practical example for the indicative approach in studying the
interpretation mebods in Islamic sciences.

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 30 2024
Journal Name
مجلة التراث العلمي العربي
The problem of masculinity and femininity in Arabic
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Perhaps masculinity and femininity in our Arabic language are among the linguistic issues that have occupied the attention of researchers, ancient and modern. Many books, works, and research have been written on this subject, but there is still something in it that must be revealed, clarified, and established, as the ancients did not classify the feminine and masculine into real, metaphorical, auditory, analogical,

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Craniofacial Surgery
Surgical Management of the Recent Orbital War Injury
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Publication Date
Thu Oct 23 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The Systemic Host Modulation Therapy of Periodontal Diseases
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Background: The systemic host modulation therapy is new approach in treatment of periodontal diseases. Materials and methods:The target of this treatment is the host response to microbial infection because at present time,it is well known that most of damage found in periodontal diseases cause by the inflammatory -immune response to periodontal infections.Sub-antimicrobial-dose Doxycycline (SDD) is a 20-mg dose of Doxycycline (Periostat) that is approved and indicated as an adjunct to scaling and root planning (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Results:At present, SDD (Periostat) is the only systemically administered agent that is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and accepted by the American Dental Asso

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2012
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Role of Social Media in Changing Media
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Media theories and studies have provided many diligences on the concept of social media and the circle of influence, including the theory of social marketing which deals with how to promote ideas espoused by the elite in a society to become a recognized social value. The emergence of social networks provided a revolutionary breakthrough, taking the media to unprecedented horizons; and giving its users great opportunities to influence and move across borders without restrictions and censorship, except in a relatively limited manner.

So, the emergence of social media has created channels of live broadcasting from its audience in a method of development that changes the essence of the known communication theories; a

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Review about the Applications of Nanoparticles in Batteries
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Nanoparticles are defined as an organic or non-organic structure of matter in at least one of its dimensions less than 100 nm. Nanoparticles proved their effectiveness in different fields because of their unique physicochemical properties. Using nanoparticles in the power field contributes to cleaning and decreasing environmental pollution, which means it is an environmentally friendly material. It could be used in many different parts of batteries, including an anode, cathode, and electrolyte. This study reviews different types of nanoparticles used in Lithium-ion batteries by collecting the advanced techniques for applying nanotechnology in batteries. In addition, this review presents an idea about the advantages and d

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
The evolution of modern warfare and postmodern warfare
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War was and remains one of the main instruments for the practice of international relations, and has always been a major focus of the study of international relations. War, such as diplomacy, propaganda, etc., is an instrument of national politics. States have used wars to achieve their goals and aspirations and achieve their national interests. War and peace issues are essential to understanding international relations. They are questions that involve the problem of survival.

Today the term "war" is used in many different ways. We talk about Cold War, Hot War, Limited War, Total War, Conventional War, Unconventional War, Civil War, Gang War, Preventive War etc. However, the war continued to exist, and took various forms.

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Publication Date
Wed May 08 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
morphological stages of the residential development and development
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The neighbourhood unit is a small local community in a city dwelled by certain number of dwellers who are characterized by common features, mostly economic. They daily deal with each other & unified with the feeling of neighbourhood. The daily primary services are available in this small community (like education, shopping & entertainment). This community is separated from other communities by physical boundaries like streets, gardens… etc. The neighbourhood is not an exotic notion on human community but it is as ancient as history itself since it was there in ancient communities that dwelled on earth. Complications of urban life needs, caused by cities’ expansion, and the weakness of social relationships, imposed phy

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 17 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Estimation the Safety of Parenteral Resveratrol in Mice
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   Resveratrol is polyphenolic compound has many biochemical and biological effects on several organs. Therefore, resveratrol can be used to treat many diseases. The aim was to evaluate resveratrol safety when used in a parenteral single bolus dose. This study was conducted on 60 mice (30 males and 30 females). Each male and female mice divided into 6 groups (five mice per group). All mice groups given 1% DMSO and five different doses of resveratrol (5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.312) gm/kg intraperitonially given to five groups respectively. The mice were continuously monitored during 14 days. The number of deaths, changes in general behavior, changes in physiological activity, and signs of toxicity were reported. On day 15 blood was

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