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The Ability of AhR Ligands to Attenuate Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Reaction Is Associated With Alterations in the Gut Microbiota
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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates T cell function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AhR ligands, 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and 6-Formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), on gut-associated microbiota and T cell responses during delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction induced by methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) in a mouse model. Mice with DTH showed significant changes in gut microbiota including an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreased Firmicutes at the phylum level. Also, there was a decrease in Clostridium cluster XIV and IV, which promote anti-inflammatory responses, and an increase in Prevotella copri that facilitates pro-inflammatory responses. Interestingly, treatment of mice with TCDD attenuated the DTH response, induced Tregs, suppressed Th17 cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and reversed the gut microbiota composition toward normalcy. In contrast, FICZ exacerbated the DTH response, induced heightened Th17 cells, and failed to cause a major shift in gut microbiota. Furthermore, TCDD but not FICZ caused an increase in the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), n-butyric acid, and acetic acid. Administration of sodium butyrate into mice with DTH suppressed the response, increased Tregs, and reduced Th17 cells IL17. Butyrate also caused an increase in the abundance of Clostridium and a decrease in Prevotella. Lastly, TCDD, as well as butyrate but not FICZ, were able to inhibit proinflammatory Histone deacetylases (HDACs) class I and II. Together, our data suggest that AhR ligands, such as TCDD that suppress DTH response, may mediate this effect by reversing the gut dysbiosis induced during this inflammatory response, while FICZ may fail to suppress the DTH response because of its inability to overturn the dysbiosis.

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Impact of the career path requirements in determining the type of training program
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The research deals with the important and modern two subject (career path and the type of training program), and tries to find identify the extent of the impact of the requirements of a career path in determining the type of training program in the Ministry of Oil.

In order to achieve the aim of the research was the formulation of the following hypothesis: the impact of the requirements of the career path a meaningful moral influence in determining the type of training program.

The survey was adopted in the search, and sample consisted of (75) people were a factor in the Oil Ministry of People's managers and officials and staff, and used the questionnaire as an es

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 06 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Toxicology
Zinc Chloride Can Mitigate the Alterations in Metallothionein and Some Apoptotic Proteins Induced by Cadmium Chloride in Mice Hepatocytes: A Histological and Immunohistochemical Study
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The heavy metal cadmium is extremely harmful to both humans and animals. Zinc supplementation protects the biological system and reduces cadmium-induced toxicity. This study aimed to determine whether zinc chloride (ZnCl2) could protect male mice with the damaged liver induced by cadmium chloride (CdCl2). The protective role of zinc chloride and expression of the metallothionein (MT), Ki-67, and Bcl-2 apoptotic proteins in hepatocytes were studied after subchronic exposure of mice to cadmium chloride for 21 days. Thirty male mice were randomly categorized into 6 groups (5 mice/group) as follows: a control group that did not receive any treatment, a group given ZnCl2 at 10 mg/kg alone, and two groups received ZnCl2 (10 mg/kg) i

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 31 2016
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Study in Kinetics of Saponification Reaction of Diethyl Adipate with Sodium Hydroxide Solution under Reactive Distillation
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This research presents a new study in kinetics under reactive distillation by using consecutive two – step reaction : the saponification reaction of diethyl adipate with sodium hydroxide solution . The distillation process takes the role of withdrawing the intermediate product (sodium monoethyladipate SMA) which otherwise converts to the final product of low purity.The effect of three parameters were studied through a design of experiments applying 23 factorial design. These parameters were : the mole ratio of DA to NaOH solution (0.1 and 1) , NaOH solution concentration (3 N and 8 N) , and batch time (1.5 hr. and 3.5 hr.) . The conversion of DA to sodium monoethyladipate(SMA)(intermediate product) was the effect of these pa

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 30 2012
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Does the tertiary health care for Type 2 diabetic patients can help to Meet the recommended glycemic targets
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Objectives: To study the effect of providing tertiary (specialized) health care for type 2 diabetic patients to meet the WHO and ADA standards and glycemic targets.
Method: Six months, Jan. – Jun. 2010, cohort study was conducted on 600 adult diabetics who registered in the National Diabetes Center (NDC) / Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad – Iraq. They were followed for 3- 6 months; each time patients were examined physically and their blood pressure, height, weight and BMI were measured. Fasting blood samples were taken from all patients to test the FPG, HbA1c, T.Chol, TG, HDL and LDL.
Results: Patients’ age was 52.85±15.56 year and the male/female ratio was 1.01, the median duration of disease was 7 years and their BMI w

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Publication Date
Wed May 04 2022
Journal Name
Theory And Practice In Language Studies
Investigating EFL Learners’ Ability to Analyse Poetic Language: A Pedagogical Corpus Stylistic Approach
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Pedagogical stylistics refers to the application of the tools of stylistics in the teaching of the English language as a foreign or a second language.  Teaching and learning poetry is challenging. Thus, pedagogical corpus stylistics (Henceforth, PCS) approach has been introduced to Iraqi undergraduate foreign language learners (EFL) to guide them to analyze poetic language.  The study aims to make students interact with authentic examples of poetic language and answer questions about it. The main objective of the study is to examine whether PCS tools enable the learners to provide linguistic evidence from the poetic texts they are exposed to. This in turn ensures objective poetic analyses. Moreover, it aims to enable EFL Iraqi stu

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 02 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Military Thinking and His Islamic balance in The Caliph Ali Bin Abi Talib ( peace is on him ) Compact to Malek Al Ashtar (God be pleased on him ): The Military Thinking and His Islamic balance in The Caliph Ali Bin Abi Talib ( peace is on him ) Compact to Malek Al Ashtar (God be pleased on him )
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Abstract
This study turns about The Military Thinking and His Islamic balance in
The Caliph Ali Bin Abi Talib ( peace is on him ) Compact to Malek Al Ashtar
(God be pleased on him )The military field is very wide in all intellectual and
practically effects at The Caliph Ali Bin Abi Taleb(peace is on him ). Its
considered the first seed for islam ,therefore,there are a lot from military
situtions which proved his practical experience in these affairs , and away
from the details of war and practical battles lets search the sample and the
academic study for fair military thinking (justice) in The Compact of Caliph Ali
to Malek Al Ashtar when he became the ruler of egypt.
The military fair thinking determines fr

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Publication Date
Tue Jul 08 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
“Violence is the woman you never had” : Trauma of Women in Christina Reid's The Belle of the Belfast City
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This paper examines The Belle of the Belfast City by Christina Reid through the lens of trauma theory as outlined by Judith Herman and Cathy Caruth. The play depicts the influence of the Troubles in Northern Ireland as a religious and sectarian conflict between Protestants and Catholics on women. Reid's work is mainly about the reunion of three generations of working-class Protestant women during the time of the Anglo-Irish agreement in 1985.The play's female characters face many obstacles, including racism, forced migration, religious persecution, economic struggle, social exclusion, and abuse. The study presents how religion is used as a tool to justify violence against women. Women become targets of verbal and physical abuse, violence, a

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 28 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Therapeutic Response of Serum Lipids to Atorvastatin in Type II Diabetic Patients
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Lipid disorders and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are known to be increased in patients with diabetes mellitus. The effects of statins on serum lipid levels are well known; however, previous studies did not compare the effects of statins on serum lipid levels in diabetic patients with non-diabetic patients. To investigate the effects of Atorvastatin on serum lipid profiles in hyperlipidemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in comparison with hyperlipidemic patients without diabetes.This study was conducted on 33 type 2 diabetic patients & 34 non-diabetic patients; their age range was 40-80 years, all of them were hyperlipidemic, who had been administered 10, 20, & 40 mg daily of Atorvastatin and completed a 6-month foll

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 11 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Assessment of Azotobacter chroococcum’s Ability to Produce Hydrolytic Enzymes and Enhance Growth of Vicia faba
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A. chroococcum isolate was examined for its ability to produce the hydrolytic enzymes chitinase, pectinase, protease, and lipase, in an effort to enhance the growth of fava bean (Vicia faba). Biological experiment was conducted in pots with complete random design (CRD). The experiment includes three treatments: control (plant without treatment) (P), NPK fertilizer (plant + fertilizer) (PF), and A. chroococcum inoculum (plant + A. chroococcum) (PA). These treatments were performed with sterile and non-sterile soil, which were planted with fava beans. At the end of experiment (seven weeks from planting), length and weight of plant shoot and plant root were calculated. The results show that the isolate wa

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 08 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Spectrophotometric Determination of Carbamazepine Via Oxidative Coupling Reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine
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 An accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of carbamazepine (CRN.) in pure and dosage forms. The method is based on the oxidation of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPHz) by potassium periodate than coupling with carbamazepine (CRN.) in alkaline medium to form a stable yellowish brown colored water-soluble dye with a maximum absorption at 485 nm. The variables that affect the completion of reaction have been carefully optimized. Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range of     (4-50 μg.mL-1) with molar absorptivity of (6.7335×103 L.mol-1.cm1). The limit of detection was (0.1052 μg.mL-1) and Sandell’s sensitivity value was 0.0350 μg.cm-2.

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