Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the commonest chronic disorders worldwide with a rapid rise in prevalence. In Iraq its prevalence is high especially in elderly age group. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have higher vulnerability for complications, whether microvascular or macrovascular. Ocular complications are common in diabetes mellitus, and comprise diabetic retinopathy, diabetic papillopathy, cataract, glaucoma, dry eye disease and diabetic keratopathy. Diabetic keratopathy involves endothelial and epithelial tissues of the cornea, leading to persistent epithelial defect, corneal erosion, or corneal ulcers.

Aim of the Study: To compare the mean corneal endothelial cell count between patients wi

The glycated haemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) and Fasting blood glucose(FBG) effect on type1 diabetic pateints as a screening tests and as a gold standard for assessing glycemic control in subjects with diabetes were studied . Ninety one blood samples were collected in a peroid between June and the end of November 2012 at AL- Kindy Diabetic Center and Central Child Hospital,48 Females and 43 Males , aging between (11 month- 18 year), are divided into three groups, newly diagnosed , ongoing and healthy control group, with duration of disease between(1 day-3months) and (from birth-8 years) for newly diag

Metric type II bursts are formed from shocks driven by CME or flares which is
indicative of particles (SEPs) accelerated to high energies. This work aims to
investigate the metric type II bursts, CMEs and flare for twenty years (1996-2016,
inclusive) over two solar cycles 23 and 24. The total metric type II bursts was 1378
events divided into two groups: first group associated with CMEs regardless their
properties and this group has (1147) events. The second group associated with flares
which has (231) events. The interstice fraction of this research is the metric type II
associated with CME is 83% whereas only 17% with flare where this very close to
the previous study in 2005 which found 81% despite it was for on

Transition metal complexes of Co(II) and Ni(II) with azo dye 3,5-dimethyl-2-(4-nitrophenylazo)-phenol derived from 4-nitoaniline and3,5-dimethylphenol were synthesized. Characterization of these compounds has been done on the basis of elemental analysis,electronic data, FT-IR,UV-Vis and 1 HNMR, as well as magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. The nature of thecomplexes formed were studies following the mole ratio and continuous variation methods, Beer ' s law obeyed over a concentrationrange (1x10 -4 - 3x10 -4 M). High molar absorbtivity of the complex solutions were observed. From the analytical data, thestoichiomerty of the complexes has been found to be 1:2 (Metal:ligand). On the basis of physicochemical data tetrahedral

Background: Colorectal cancer is a high risk disease with rapidly progression medical problems and high mortality rate. Tissue polypeptide specific antigen can be classified as biomarker candidates in colorectal cancer and other kinds of cancer. Vascular endothelial-derived growth factor has a curial role in the formation of new blood vessels. DNA methylation may decrease invasiveness of cancer.

Objectives: This study was designed to measure the potential role of some serological biomarkers in the progression of colorectal cancer as well as their relations to P53 expression, global 5-methylcytosine.

Patients and Methods: This study involved of 60 patients with colorectal ca

Background: This study aimed to determine the value of Beta angle for a sample of Iraqi adults with class I skeletal and dental relations and to verify the existence of sexual dimorphism and to find out the relation between this angle and other craniofacial measurements. Materials and Methods: Sixty dental students (23 males and 37 females) with an age ranged between 20-31 years old and having class I skeletal and dental relations were chosen for this study. Each student was subjected to clinical examination and digital true lateral cephalometric radiograph. The radiographs were analyzed using AutoCAD 2007 computer program to measure the angular and linear variables. Descriptive statistics were obtained for the measurements for both genders

Objective : Sciatic nerve block (popliteal approach) and femoral N block is a new technique other than general anesthesia in below knee surgery because it provides adequate muscle relaxation, with good intraoperative and post-operative analgesia. Nefopam is non opioid, non-respiratory depressant and non-sedative was mixed with local anesthetics drug to study the effects. This study was done to compare the onset and duration of sensory and onset time and duration of action of motor block following administration of either bupivacaine alone with administration of bupivacaine and Nefopam in patients undergoing below knee lower limb surgeries under ultrasound guided regional anesthesia.
Methods: 100 patients with American society of anest

Background: Anti-RA33 antibodies and anti-CCP antibodies are highly specific markers for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but are not detectable in all RA patients.

Anti-RA33 antibodies are directed to the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2 (hnRNP-A2),while anti-CCP antibodies are directed to modified epitope on proteins that undergo conversion of amino acid arginine to citrullin by citrullination.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to show the correlation between anti-RA33 antibodies, anti-CCP antibodies and rheumatoid factor (RF) in terms of sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis in Iraqi patients.

Subjects and methods: This s

The levels of circulating angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors, namely vascular endothelial growth factor–A (VEGF-A) and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1), have been linked to the development of renal dysfunction due to the proliferation of microvasculature within the kidneys of type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients. The study aims to scrutinize serum levels of VEGF and sVEGFR-1 in a sample of Iraqi diabetic nephropathy patients to support their reliability as markers for the prediction of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients as well as to assess the ACE inhibitor’s effect on the levels of these two markers. Method: The ninety participants of this case-control study were split into three gr