A simplified theoretical comparison of the hydrogen chloride (HCl) and hydrogen fluoride (HF) chemical lasers is presented by using computer program. The program is able to predict quantitative variations of the laser characteristics as a function of rotational and vibrational quantum number. Lasing is assumed to occur in a Fabry-Perot cavity on vibration-rotation transitions between two vibrational levels of hypothetical diatomic molecule. This study include a comprehensive parametric analysis that indicates that the large rotational constant of HF laser in comparison with HCl laser makes it relatively easy to satisfy the partial inversion criterion. The results of this computer program proved their credibility when compared with th

Background: Cervical ectopy advanced to erosion is one of the common conditions in gynecological and pathological study. It is considered as a physiologic condition resulting from columnar epithelium migration from the cervical canal into the vaginal portion of the cervix, in which no treatment for asymptomatic cervical ectropion can be given. Treatment can be accomplished via thermal cauterization (Electro cautery), Cryosurgery. CO₂ laser therapy is another modality of treatment.

Objective: To study the effectiveness of CO₂ laser therapy and evaluate it as a biomedical tool for the treatment of cervical ectropion. The study was done at Laser Medicine Research Clinic at the

Hyperpigmentation is the increase in the natural color of the skin. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Q-Switched Nd:YAG (1064 & 532 nm) Laser in treatment of skin hyper pigmentation. This study was done in the research clinic of Institute of laser for postgraduate Studies/University of Baghdad from October 2008 to the end of January 2009. After clinical assessment of skin hyperpigmentation color, twenty six patients were divided according to their lesions. Eight Patients with freckles, seven patients with melasma, four patients with tattoo. Cases with tattoo, were subdivided into amateur tattoos two, professional tattoos one, and one traumatic tattoo. Four Patients with post inflammatory hyperpigment

The present research deals with the spatial variance analysis in Jwartadistrict and conducting a comparison on the spatial and seasonal changes of the vegetation cover between (2007-2013) in order to deduce the relationship between the vegetation density and the areas which are exposed to the risk of water erosion by using Plant Variation Index  NDVI) C (coefficient and by using Satellite images of Landsat satellite which are taken in 2/7/2007 and Satellite images of Landsat satellite taken in 11/1/ 2013, the programs of remote sensitivity and the Geographic Information Systems.

    The study reveals that there is a variance in the density of vegetation cover of the area under study betwee 2007 and 2013. Howev

Four rapid, accurate and very simple derivative spectrophotometric techniques were developed for the quantitative determination of binary mixtures of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (PRG) formulated as a capsule. Method I is the first derivative zero-crossing technique, derivative amplitudes were detected at the zero-crossing wavelength of 239.27 and 292.51 nm for the quantification of estradiol and 249.19 nm for Progesterone. Method II is ratio subtraction, progesterone was determined at λmax 240 nm after subtraction of interference exerted by estradiol. Method III is modified amplitude subtraction, which was established using derivative spectroscopy and mathematical manipulations. Method IIII is the absorbance ratio technique, absorba

thirty adult NewZealand rabbits used in this study, they were divided in to two groups (control and treaded with Helium — Neon laser). A square skin flap done on the medial aspect of the auricle of both sides, a square piece of cartilage incised, pealed out from each auricle and fixed in the site of the other, then the flaps sutured .The site of the operation in the rabbits of the treated group were irradiated using a Helium —Neon laser with (5mw) power for (10 days) began after the operation directly, (3 rabbits) from each group used for collection of specimens for histopathological examination at the weeks (1,2,3,4, & 6) weeks post the operation .The results revealed Early invasion of the matrix with elastic fibers which continue to t

Anal fistula is an anorectal condition with over 90% of cases being
cryptoglandular in origin and occurring after anorectal abscesses. The traditional method of
treatment of an anal fistula is by excision or de roofing the tract awaiting complete healing.. Aim:
The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of diode laser 980 nm in the treatment of low fistula in
ano. Methods: The study was performed between June 2019 to end of September 2019, at the
institute of laser for postgraduate study in Baghdad university. A cohort of ten male patients with a
provisional diagnosis of low type anal fistula were selected for this study and treated by interstitial
photothermal therapy of fistula epithelium by diode laser 980nm

The current standard for treating pilonidal sinus (PNS) is surgical intervention with excision of the sinus. Recurrence of PNS can be controlled with good hygiene and regular shaving of the natal cleft, laser treatment is a useful adjunct to prevent recurrence. Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser is a gold standard of soft tissue surgical laser due to its wavelength (10600 nm) thin depth (0.03mm) and collateral thermal zone (150mic).It effectively seals blood vessels, lymphatic, and nerve endings, Moreover wound is rendered sterile by effect of laser. Aim of this study was to apply and assess the clinical usefulness of CO2 10600nm laser in pilonidal sinus excision and decrease chance of recurrence. Design: For 10 patients, between 18 and 39 year