Background: Multifunctional cytokines play important and only partially defined roles in mammary tumor development and progression. Normal human mammary epithelial cells constitutively produce interleukin 6(IL-6) and a non-secreted form of tumor necrosis factor. Transformation of mammary epithelial cells by different oncogenesis is frequently associated with alterations of cytokine/ growth factor production and responsiveness.
Methods: We measured levels of 1L-6 in 84 females with breast cancer and examined their correlation with clinicopathological variables including stages of the disease and estrogen and
progesterone receptor expression on tumor cell.
Results: Our results revealed significantly higher

This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study evaluated the knowledge, attitude and practice towards breast cancer and breast self-examination [‎BSE]‎ among 387 [‎302 females and 85 males]‎ educated Iraqis affiliated to 2 Iraqi universities. The participants were categorized into 3 occupations: student [‎71.3%]‎, teaching staff [‎10.3%]‎ and administrative staff [‎18.3%]‎. About half of the participants had a low knowledge score [‎< 50%]‎; only 14.3% were graded as [‎Good]‎ and above. Almost 75% of the participants believed that the best way to control breast cancer was through early detection and other possible preventive measures. Most participants [‎90.9%]‎ had heard of BSE, the main source of informatio

This study looked at how the synthetic chitosan-AgNPs-Doxorubicin-folic acid combination affected the A549 cell line in terms of cytotoxicity and anticancer activity. By reducing silver nitrate (AgNO3) and biodegradable chitosan, silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized. The produced conjugate was examined by using FT-IR spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The cytotoxicity assay for the viability of A549 cells revealed that the combination of chitosan, AgNPs, doxorubicin, and folic acid decrease cell viability in a dose-determined by method over 48 hours, which direct to a dependent reduce in the activity of A549 cells. The mechanism analysis of the impacted living cells lea

Background: Breast Cancer is the commonest type of malignancy in Iraq. The Iraqi Cancer Registry displays an obvious trend for the disease to affect younger women with advanced stages at the time of presentation. This report presents a review on the main demographic characteristics and clinicopathological parameters in Iraqi patients diagnosed with breast cancer.
Patients & Methods: The study was carried out on 721 out of a total of 5044 patients (14.3%) who complained of palpable breast lumps that were diagnosed as cancer. The procedure for tumor nuclear DNA Ploidy assessment was performed by means of Image Cytometry. Immuno-cytochemical and  histochemical assays were applied for the determination of

  X-rays fluorescence technology was used  to measure the concentrations of trace and toxic elements in tobacco smoke. One sample local and eight samples were imported selected from Iraqi markets. The results proved that tobaccos contain few concentrations of element (calcium, potassium, sodium, manganese, magnesium, chlorine, and sulfur), trace concentrations of element (aluminum, vanadium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc), and toxic concentrations of element (arsenic, selenium, bromine, antimony, cadmium, mercury and lead). Results are proved the concentrations of elements of samples are lower levels with the other countries in few element like (calcium, potassium, sodium and manganese), while the other elements were hi

الخلفية: إن سمية الدواء والآثار الجانبية للعلاج الكيميائي تؤثر سلبا على مرضى سرطان الثدي. الأهداف: لتقييم فعالية التدخلات الصيدلانية في تحسين معرفة مرضى سرطان الثدي ومواقفهم وممارساتهم فيما يتعلق بالعلاج الكيميائي لسرطان الثدي.

Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic pathogen in which the reactivation of a latent infection can cause death in congenitally infected fetuses, newborns, and immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to determine the seropositivity of toxoplasmosis infection and the possible association with Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and Interleukin-23 (IL-23) cytokines in breast cancer patients. In this study, 190 women were enrolled. All serum samples were tested for T. gondii immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) antibodies and (IL-12, IL-23) levels using ELISA technique. The result of this study showed that breast cancer patients recorded the highest percentage of toxoplasmosis infection. There were no positivity rates for anti- Toxopl

The effect of the annealing on the optical transmission , absorp tion coefficient,
dielectric constants (ε
r
),( ε
i
) ,Skin depth and the optical ener gy gap of (ZnO)x(CdO)1-x thin
films with (x=0.05) deposited on preheated glass substrates at a temperature of (450 C°) by
chemical pyrolysis technique were performed . These f ilms show direct allowed inter band
transition that influenced by annealing at ( 450 C°) for two hours . And it also found that the
optical ener gy gap has been increased fro m about (2.50 eV) before annealing to about (2.65
eV) after annealing , fro m the analysis of the absorp tion and transmission sp ectra in the
wavelength range (380-900nm) . The results show t

In this work Different weight of pure Zinc powder suspended particles in 4ml base engine Oil were used.
Intensity of Kα Line was measured for the suspended particles ,also for mixture which consist from Zinc particle blended with Engine base Oil. Calibration Curve was drawn between Ikα line Intensity and Zinc concentration at different operation condition. The Lower Limit detection (LLD) and Sensitivity (m) of Spectrometer were determined for different Zinc Concentration (Wt%). The results of LLD and m for Samples were analyzed at Operation Condition of 30KV,17mA is best from Samples were analyzed at Operation Condition of 25KV,15mA