Back ground: Knowledge about the causes of death in children is important to evaluate health system progress and provide what is needed for an efficient design of health care delivery system. Objective: To find out the main causes of death in children under 5years & evaluate the effects of different variables like: age, gender, body weight, residency, and months of year for the causes of death. Patient& Method: This is a retrospective study which was carried out in order to find out the main causes of death among admitted children younger than 5 year in Sulaymani Pediatrics Teaching Hospital for the period of 5 years from of January 1st 2001 to December 31st 2005 included. The total numbers of admitted cases was 137,739 out of which 1455 had died. We obtained the information from case files of the deceased patients. Results: The incidence of death among admitted patients was (1.06%), the rate was higher in male gender (59.3%), while in female it was (40.7 %), with a P-value of <0.05 which is significant statistically with male to female ratio 1.48:1. Deaths were mainly in neonates (61.8 % of all age groups in the study) with a p-value of <0.05. Death was mainly in those with body weights <2.5kg, which accounts for (42.1%). The main cause of death in neonate was prematurity (54.7%) while diarrhea and Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) were main causes during infancy (57.4%, 15.9%) respectively. Seasonal variation of died cases showed that were two peaks of death, one in June and another in November with a p-value of <0.05. The percentage of death in the rural and urban area were (64.5%, 35.5 %) respectively, with a p-value of <0.05 which is also significant. Conclusion: This study has revealed that prematurity was the main cause of death among neonate while diarrhea and acute respiratory diseases were the main causes of death during infancy. Malignancy was the least common cause of death. Deaths were mainly in neonates. There was a significant association between deaths and gender, body weight, residency& the months of the year. Key words: mortality rate, death cause, children under five.
Reciprocal Teaching is an interactive method that is used to improve reading comprehension. Using this teaching strategy, teachers and students take turns leading discussions regarding sections of text using the four strategies: predicting, questioning, clarifying and summarizing. This study is an attempt to investigate the effect of using reciprocal teaching on improving female college students' achievement in reading comprehension. To fulfill the aim of the study, the researcher has adopted two null hypotheses: first, there is no significant difference between the achievement of students' who practice the reciprocal teaching technique and that of students who do not practice it. Second, there is no statistically significant difference
... Show MoreThe study aimed to identify the degree of teaching competencies and job satisfaction of the teachers of physical education in the province of Baghdad, and then find the relationship between them. Use the descriptive approach in the style of associative relationships, the research community represented by teachers of physical education in the departments of education Karh (first, second, third) in the province of Baghdad. (522) teachers and (324) school principals distributed in (324) medium within the administrative configurations of these directorates for the academic year (2016 - 2017). The measure (teaching competencies) included (47) words distributed across seven areas. And the measure of (job satisfaction) included (15) words. After t
... Show MoreKnowledge of literature is an integral part of learning any spoken language. Learning literature expands the learner’s ability to understand the language studied. The field of literature is wide and cannot be limited to poems. It includes the etiquettes of a language and its environment, customs, and traditions etc. The Arabic language is among the languages with a centuries old history. It has achieved remarkable record accomplishments since the pre-Islamic era through to the present. This development is clear evidence of the great importance of literature in the revival of the Arabic language through different eras. As such, in Malaysia and other non-Arabic speaking countries, literature is taught in most schools, institutions and un
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Objectives: The study aims at finding the effectiveness of dietary habits on urolithiatic patients at Urinary Units
in Baghdad Teaching Hospitals.
Methodology: A quantitative descriptive study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of dietary habits on
(100) of urolithiatic patients in Urinary Units at Baghdad Teaching Hospitals starting from May 2011 to Sep.
2012.Data were collected through the use of constructed check list of the questionnaire format, which
consists of two parts: - The first part: is related to the patient's demographic variables ; the second part: is
constructed to serve the purpose of the study (effectiveness of the dietary habits). The total number of items
of the questionnaire is (69) item
Objectives: To evaluate levels of nurses' knowledge about substance abuse at psychiatric teaching hospitals in Baghdad city. Methodology: A descriptive analytical study conducts to meet study objectives during the period from 1-11-2014 To 10-5-2015 The study conduct at 4 teaching hospitals in three department (Baghdad Al Rusafa ,Al Karkh, Medical city) they includ Baghdad teaching hospital, Al Rashad teaching hospital, Ibn Rshud teaching hospital , and Al Kadhumeeain teaching hospital which select according to the study. A random sample of 100 nurses are working in teaching psychiatric hospitals , Al Rashad (6
Native speakers of English from different parts of the world have different accents,but the differences of accents are mainly the result of differences in the sound of vowels and consonants . The actual use of all these sounds in combination leads the speaker to produce a number of segments which only appear on the production level and realized on the perceptual one . RP pronunciation represents the teachable variety in all Iraqi universities because it is the most acceptable and understandable accent all over the world and not only in South East London ..The structure of the English syllable in RP pronunciation is influenced by the appearance of certain allophones especially aspiration and glottalization which ch
... Show MoreObjective: To evaluate the functional outcome of percutaneous cross two K wires fixation for Gartland types II and III fractures of humerus. Methodology: This prospective study included80 patients with supracondylar humeral fracture, who underwent closed reduction and fixation by two crossed Kirschner wires. We included children with age < 15 years with closed fractures with Gartland types II and III, while the patient with vascular injury, open, irreducible fractures were excluded. The patients were following up for 6 months and assessed functionally by Flynn’s criteria. Results: The mean age of patients was 8.1 years. Trauma while child playing was the main mechanism of injury in 43 (59.8%) children and 46 (57.5%) fractures were of the
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This study accomplished to determine levels of salivary Alpha-Amylase (sAA) in Iraqi children with positive family history of hypertension, Hypertension was believed to be a risk factor in 18% of all deaths in 2010 (9.4 million globally). This study included one hundred children from primary school aged 6 to 13 years, with a focus in child welfare and family health history, with an emphasis on close relatives' hypertension reputations, with hypertension close relatives record categories identified by 1st and 2nd relatives, after documenting the full details, the burden was assessed for the children's families. The influence of age is confirmed by a correlation study of our own numbers, which shows a positive correlation. The disparity betwe
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