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Evaluation of Gas and Downhole Water Sink-Assisted Gravity Drainage GDWS-AGD Process in Saturated Oil Reservoirs with Infinite-Acting Aquifer
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Abstract<p>A hybrid Gas-Enhanced and Downhole Water Sink-Assisted Gravity Drainage (GDWS-AGD) process has been suggested to enhance oil recovery by placing vertical injectors for CO2 at the top of the reservoir with a series of horizontal oil-producing and water-drainage wells located above and below the oil-water contact, respectively. The injected gas builds a gas cap that drives the oil to the (upper) oil-producing wells while the bottom water-drainage wells control water cresting. The hybrid process of GDWS-AGD process has been first developed and tested in vertical wells to minimize water cut in reservoirs with bottom water drive and strong water coning tendencies. The wells were dual-completed with 7-inch production casing and 2-3/8 inch tubings and perforated above the oil-water contact (OWC) for oil production and below OWC for water drainage. The two completions were hydraulically isolated inside the well by a packer. The bottom (water sink) completion drained water with a submersible pump.</p><p>The GDWS-AGD was efficiently adopted to improve oil recovery at the PUNQ saturated oil field. The PUNQ Field has an infinite active aquifer with very strong edge and bottom water drives. A black oil reservoir flow model was implemented for CO2 flooding simulation of the GDWS-AGD process in comparison with the Gas-Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) process. The comparison was performed to obtain the clearest image about the performance of the combined GDWS-AGD process. Next, Design of Experiments (DoE) and proxy modeling were incorporated to find the most sensitive parameters that affect the GDWS-AGD process performance. The candidate parameters are porosity, horizontal and vertical permeability for each layer, radius of aquifer and rock compressibility.</p><p>In the GDWS-AGD, the produced water not only reduced water cut and coning, but also significantly reduced the reservoir pressure, resulting in improving gas injectivity. In addition, the GDWS-AGD process improved cumulative oil production. More specifically, the results showed that cumulative oil production increased from 3.8*105m3 to 4.7*105m3 and water cut decreased from 97% to 92% in all the horizontal oil producers. For the proxy model, it was cleared from Sobol analysis that the porosity for layer 5 was more influential parameter than others on cumulative oil through GDWS-AGD process with 31% main effects and 0.025% interaction effects, while the horizontal permeability for layer 4 was the most influential parameter with 24% main effects and 1.5% interaction effects. The novelty of GDWS-AGD process comes from its effectiveness to improve oil recovery with reducing the water coning, water cut, and improving gas injectivity. This leads to more economic implementation, especially with respect to the operational surface facilities.</p>
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Publication Date
Wed Dec 30 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Removal of Acetaminophen Residues from Wastewater by Bulk Liquid Membrane Process
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   The removal of Anit-Inflammatory drugs, namely; Acetaminophen (ACTP), from wastewater by bulk liquid membrane (BLM) process using Aliquat 336 (QCl) as a carrier was investigated. The effects of several parameters on the extraction efficiency were studied in this research, such as the initial feed phase concentration (10-50) ppm of ACTP, stripping phase (NaCl) concentration (0.3,0.5,0.7 M), temperature (30-50oC), the volume ratio of feed phase to membrane phase (200-400ml/80ml), agitation speed of the feed phase (75-125 rpm), membrane stirring speed (0, 100, 150 rpm), carrier concentration (1, 5, 9 wt%), the pH of feed (2, 4, 6, 8, 10), and solvent type (CCl4 and n-Heptane). The study shows that high ext

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 30 2009
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Purification of Zinc Oxide Using Direct Thermal Process by Petroleum Coke
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The present investigation is concerned for the purification of impure zinc oxide (80-85 wt %) by using petroleum coke
(carbon content is 76 wt %) as reducing agent for the impure zinc oxide to provide pure zinc vapor, which will be
oxidized later by air to the pure zinc oxide.
The operating conditions of the reaction were studied in detail which are, reaction time within the range (10 to 30 min),
reaction temperature (900 to 1100 oC), air flow rate (0.2 to 1 l/min) and weight percentage of the reducing agent
(petroleum coke) in the feed (14 to 30 wt %).
The best operating conditions were (30 min) for the reaction time, (1100 oC) for the reaction temperature, (1 l/min) for
the air flow rate, and (30 wt %) of reducing

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 10 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Forward Osmosis Process for the Treatment of Wastewater from Textile Industries
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This paper was aimed to study the efficiency of forward osmosis (FO) process as a new application for the treatment of wastewater from textile effluent and the factors affecting the performance of forward osmosis process.
The draw solutions used were magnesium chloride (MgCl2), and aluminum sulphate (Al2 ( SO4)3 .18 H2O), and the feed solutions used were reactive red, and disperse blue dyes.
Experimental work were includes operating the forward osmosis process using thin film composite (TFC) membrane as flat sheet for different draw solutions and feed solutions. The operating parameters studied were : draw solutions concentration (10 – 90 g/l), feed solutions concentration (5 – 30 mg/l), draw solutions flow rate (10 – 50 l/hr

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Food Bioscience
Green synthesis of silver nanomaterials and evaluation of their antibacterial and antioxidant effectiveness in chicken meat
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Publication Date
Tue Nov 01 2016
Journal Name
Research Journal Of Pharmaceutical, Biological And Chemical Sciences
The use of locally prepared Zeolite (Y) for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from Iraqi natural gas
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This work was conducted to study the ability of locally prepared Zeolite NaY for the reduction of sulfur compounds from Iraqi natural gas by a continuous mode adsorption unit. Zeolite Y was hydrothermally synthesized using abundant kaolin clay as aluminum precursor. Characterization was made using chemical analysis, XRD and BET surface area. Results of the adsorption experiments showed that zeolite Y is an active adsorbent for removal H2S from natural gas and other gas streams. The effect of temperature was found inversely related to the removal efficiency. Increasing bed height was found to increase the removal efficiency at constant flow rate of natural gas. The adsorption capacity was evaluated and its maximum uptake was 5.345 mg H2S/g z

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 01 2016
Journal Name
Research Journal Of Pharmaceutical, Biological And Chemical Sciences
The use of locally prepared Zeolite (Y) for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from Iraqi natural gas
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This work was conducted to study the ability of locally prepared Zeolite NaY for the reduction of sulfur compounds from Iraqi natural gas by a continuous mode adsorption unit. Zeolite Y was hydrothermally synthesized using abundant kaolin clay as aluminum precursor. Characterization was made using chemical analysis, XRD and BET surface area. Results of the adsorption experiments showed that zeolite Y is an active adsorbent for removal H2S from natural gas and other gas streams. The effect of temperature was found inversely related to the removal efficiency. Increasing bed height was found to increase the removal efficiency at constant flow rate of natural gas. The adsorption capacity was evaluated and its maximum uptake was 5.345 mg H2S/g z

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 26 2017
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Experimental Study of the Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and Injection Timing on Emitted Emissions at Idle Period
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Abstract

Heavy-duty diesel vehicle idling consumes fossil fuel and reduces atmospheric quality at idle period, but its restriction cannot simply be proscribed. A comprehensive tailpipe emissions database to describe idling impacts is not yet available. This paper presents a substantial data set that incorporates results from DI multi-cylinders Fiat diesel engine. Idle emissions of CO, hydrocarbon (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), smoke opacity, carbon dioxide (CO2) and noise have been reported, when three EGR ratios (10, 20 and 30%) were added to suction manifold.

CO2 concentrations increased with increasing idle time and engine idle speed, but it didn’t show clear effect for IT adva

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Publication Date
Mon Nov 01 2021
Journal Name
International Journal Of Hydrogen Energy
Experimental study on combustion stability and performance of hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas of a free-piston linear generator
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Publication Date
Fri Jul 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Performance Evaluation for Higher and Medium Leadership in Institutional Work Quality.
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Abstract:

This Research aims to define role of the system of evaluating the performance for higher leadership in determining the level of institutional work quality in the Ministry of Agriculture, by measuring system efficiency of evaluating the performance for higher leadership and its effect in institutional work quality, the searcher reached through the theoretical framing and involved studies to build default plan define the relation between Research variables formed from system of evaluating leadership performance as independent variable contains six subsidiary dimensions: (Polarization, evaluating the performance of personnel, training, motivation, se

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 28 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Effects of Subsurface Water Retention Technology on Crop Coefficient and Crop Evapotranspiration of Eggplant
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In this paper, the effects of subsurface water retention technology (SWRT) on crop coefficient (kc) and crop evapotranspiration (ETc) of eggplant were investigated in sandy loam soil. For this purpose, two treatments plot (with SWRT and without using SWRT) were adopted during 93 days of cultivation. The study was conducted in open field within Al-Fahamah Township, Baghdad, Iraq during summer growing season 2017. The accumulated ETc of eggplant was 403.3 and 515.2 mm for SWRT treatment and control plot, respectively by reduction percentage 21.7 %. The average values of ETc during the growing season were 4.3 and 5.5 mm/day, respectively. The crop coefficients value during the gro

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