Background: Osteoarthritis can be described as the last common pathway of processes that leads to joint failure. This illness also has a significant social and economic impact on all civilizations, and has become a growing burden on health-care systems in usually healthy economies with an aging population.

Methods: A case-control study design conducted from the 1^st, November 2020 to the 31^st, May 2021 in Ibn-Sena and Al-Salam Teaching Hospitals in Mosul, Iraq. A total of 100 individuals diagnosed with knee Osteoarthritis represent

   Iraqi legislator taxation  married women in charge of the income tax treatment of the man in charge of tax and the application of the principle of equality of individuals to bear public burdens. The factor legislator women in charge of special treatment in some cases, taking into account the circumstances family allow  tax in the case of whether she was married to a man is unable to completely work and does not have a resource, as well as giving the legislator allow for her children. it observed that the amount of allowing still little is notcommensurate with the high cost of living in addition to limiting the tax allowances granted within the limits of the taxpayer and his immediate family did not take the legisla

Background: The prevalence of thrombocytopenia in most studies ranges from 7 to 10% of all
pregnant females. Although pregnancy is associated with physiological changes that may affect
platelet count, several pathological conditions can cause thrombocytopenia which have a significant
impact on both the mother and her baby.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of thrombocytopenia in pregnant
women attending an out-patient clinic in Al-Yarmouk Teaching hospital in Baghdad.
Material and Methods: A cross sectional study conducted at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital from
1st October 2016 to 1st July 2017. Five hundred sixty pregnant women randomly selected as the study
group and another 100 non-

The Umayyad era is characterized by the diversity of the subjects and their multiplicity in the literary phenomena. These phenomena are singing phenomena, although they were known in previous eras, they took a distinctive form in the era.
  In this light, the researcher tried to prove that singing theory in the Umayyad period was characterized by development and renewal. The research was entitled (evolution and renewal in the theory of singing in the Umayyad era).

Background: Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infects a wide range of human cells, including colonic epithelial cells that give rise to adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Persistent productive infection of tumor cells is essential for oncomodulation by HCMV.This study aimed to detect HCMV matrix protein using in situ hybridization technique (ISH) in colorectal adenocarcinoma compared to normal colon tissues, and to the presence of cytomegalovirus inclusion bodies in infected colorectal carcinomas.
Patients and methods: Twenty six of colorectal adenocarcinomas were obtained in paraffin-blocks compared to 10 normal colon specimens which were age and sex matched as control group. Detection of HCMV was obtained by in s

Background: Gastric mucosal injury induced by NSAIDs is a major adverse effect of this group of medications, and it is no surprise that protection against such injury has become an important challenge for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved.
Materials and methods: This study was conducted on 40 adult male albino rats , divided into 4 groups, the first served as a control received the vehicle , the second received indomethacin orally of 60mg/kg .The third was pretreated 30 minutes prior indomethacin with omeprazole 40mg/kg orally. The fourth was given intraperitoneal L-NAME 20mg/kg plus omeprazole to investigate a possible protective role of nitric oxide. The rats were then sacrificed after 4

The transformational leaderships in all organizations  consider Motivations policies which is one of the main and basic policies adapted by the successful leaderships in all organizations, in order to be able to achieve essential goals, such as enhancing loyalty of employees towards their organizations and also developing and empowering their capacities and abilities in work, leading to development and increasing productivity and reducing production costs to the minimum, then reaching immense profits and benefits, in addition to development of excellence in the market of competition.

The research was performed in the (General Company of Leather Industries/ in Baghdad ,in alkarada) the study reached

Psoriasis is a common chronic skin condition characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells into the epidermis and altered keratinocyte differentiation.

In this work, psoriasis was induced by an imiquimod 5% cream, an immune response modifier that can induce psoriasis-like skin inflammation when applied topically in mice. Guggulsterone prepared as a suspension and has been orally given to mice before imiquimod application. The results of the current study showed that guggulsterone suspension can significantly reduce psoriasis area and severity index in (guggul suspension+imiquimod group as compared with both control group and (vehicle suspension+imiquimod ) group.

Hypertrophic scars are fibroproliferative illnesses caused by improper wound healing, during that, excessive inflammation, angiogenesis, and differentiated human dermal fibroblast (HDF ) function contribute to scarring, whereas hyperpigmentation negatively affects scar quality. Over 100 million patients heal with a scar every year. To investigate the role of the beta 2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR); Ritodrine, in wound scarring, the ability of beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonist (β2ARag) to alter HDF differentiation and function, wound inflammation, angiogenesis, and wound scarring was explored in HDFs, zebrafish, chick chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM), and a porcine skin wound model, respectively. A study identify a β2AR-mediated m

Background: Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide health problem, with adverse outcomes of cardiovascular disease and premature death, can be divided into five stages, depending on how severe the damage is to the kidneys, or the level of decrease in kidney function, the final stage of chronic kidney disease is called end-stage renal disease, salivary immunoglobulin A is the main immunoglobulin found in mucous secretions, including tears, saliva, colostrum and secretions from the genitourinary tract gastrointestinal tract, prostate and respiratory epithelium . It is also found in small amounts in blood.This study aimedto measuresalivary flow rate and salivaryimmunoglobulin Alevels in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis treatment